Right now theyre presenting research they did about how people prepare and drink tea, and how tea fits into their lives.

Including research into your decision making process is important. Its going to help keep your work grounded. Although wild, fun ideas are great for learning, in a real world situation youll want to be sure youre solving a problem that actually exists.

https://www.flickr.com/photos/iitdesign/albums/72157624095302884

By now the students have combined the work they did in their research and in their idea generating sessions to narrow in on specific directions for their work. Now the prototypes can start to get refined, and the students can feel confident that theyre refining ideas"}, {"title": "Document 1394", "text": "All Good Things... is the series finale of the syndicated American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. It comprises the 25th and 26th episodes of the seventh season and is the 177th and 178th episodes of the series overall. It aired on May 23, 1994. The title is derived from the expression All good things must come to an end, a phrase used by the character Q during the episode itself. Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. The plot involves Captain Jean-Luc Picard jumping through time and the formation of an anomaly that defies causality, the whole situation being a test that allows Picard to demonstrate human potential to the Q Continuum by making an intuitive jump of thought to understand the cause of, and how to eliminate, the anomaly before it destroys humanity. The finale was generally well received, and marked the transition of the cast to films featuring the shows cast and settings, as well as passing the television audience to Star Trek spin-offs based on similar settings to The Next Generation. Plot Capt. Jean-Luc Picard inexplicably finds his mind jumping among three points in time: the present (stardate 47988); seven years earlier, just prior to the starship USS Enterprise-Ds first mission during the episode Encounter at Farpoint; and over twenty-five years into the future, where an aged Picard has retired to the family vineyard in La Barre, France. These jumps occur without warning, and the resulting discontinuity"}, {"title": "Document 1402", "text": "While going from 4.18 to 4.21 the self-shadowing on my snowy deformed ground stopped working for point lights. 4.18: 4.21: 4.21: Directional and spotlight works. point (and rect) doesnt Is there a simple setting Ive forgot somewhere? Cast shadows is on for all lights. They are set to movable. Is point lights not the best type of lights to use? Its not quite the same material - I got the snow trails blueprints from the marketplace to replace my own solution made in 4.18, but even so, it shouldnt matter since the spotlights seem to work still. Any other recommendations for settings in this use-case would also be appreciated! I am also having this issue! Plain white material with displacement doesnt receive point light shadows, but the spotlights work just fine. At first I thought it was because I was using subsurf, as that is a listed limitation, but it seems to be broken for default lit materials as well."}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [0.13161015510559082, 0.1574762761592865, 0.22606045007705688, 0.1703488677740097, 0.16536231338977814, 0.09695577621459961, 0.17411920428276062, 0.030489841476082802, 0.13473019003868103, 0.13819339871406555, 0.13676632940769196, 0.10891150683164597, 0.048203859478235245, 0.16436445713043213, 0.15147894620895386, 0.15953218936920166, 0.11833414435386658, 0.16983483731746674, 0.10875562578439713, 0.07560659199953079], "y": [-0.14131297171115875, 0.013315929099917412, -0.04310772567987442, -0.07147674262523651, -0.021848291158676147, -0.04094022512435913, -0.0038035137113183737, 0.14460113644599915, -0.029086649417877197, 0.03255004435777664, 0.20091326534748077, 0.02895348332822323, 0.043835900723934174, 0.14545473456382751, -0.0476953461766243, 0.08924902230501175, 0.1848791539669037, -0.07318547368049622, -0.1091383621096611, 0.06519661843776703], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 0", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(141,211,199)"}, "text": ["Document 1", "Document 6", "Document 9", "Document 14", "Document 16", "Document 22", "Document 33", "Document 34", "Document 38", "Document 41", "Document 42", "Document 43", "Document 44", "Document 47", "Document 48", "Document 52", "Document 55", "Document 58", "Document 60", "Document 64"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 1", "text": "light that hits the object passes through, but the lights direction is bent by the object. If the direction is bent enough, the light that passes through the object will be angled out of the forward-traveling beam. As a result, the beam will have a dark spot; a shadow. Consider completely transparent objects such as glass cups, bottles of water, or the lenses of eyeglasses. Even though such transparent objects do not absorb or reflect very much light, they still interact with light through refraction. Refraction is what makes transparent cups visible to our eyes. Refraction also enables clear objects to cast shadows. Take off your eyeglasses and place them on the table at night under the illumination of a single lamp and you will see a distinct shadow caused by the transparent lenses. Although air is almost perfectly transparent, it can still cast shadows via refraction. The key principle regarding refraction is that light is bent when the index of refraction differs from one location to the next. Air and glass are different materials and have different indices of refraction. Light therefore bends when it goes from air into glass, such as at the surface of a glass lens. Refraction does not happen inside a glass lens because the material inside the lens is uniform. Refraction happens at the surface of a glass lens because that is the only place where the index of refraction differs. Uniform air itself cannot refract light and create shadows because the index of refraction does not differ anywhere. But,"}, {"title": "Document 6", "text": "heck noticed that? They could presumably make spheres out of clay, but they didnt have any reliable, steady, directed light source. Candles flicker. So who got the idea to look at partially illuminated spherical wads of clay, and then went to the trouble of setting up the light source so they could examine the shape of the illuminated area? Its with some trepidation that Im starting this section of my blog, because I really dont understand physics very well. Most of it, I suspect, will be about how little I understand. But Im going to give it a whirl. Sometime this summer it occurred to me that the phenomenon of transparency is more more complex than one might initially think, and more so than most people realize. I went around asking people with more physics education than I had if they could explain to me why things like glass and water are transparent, and it seemed to me that not only did they not understand it any better than I did, but they didnt realize that they didnt understand it. A common response, for example, was that media like glass and water are transparent because the light passes through them unimpeded. This is clearly wrong. We can see that its wrong because both glass and water have a tendency to refract incident light. Unimpeded photons always travel in straight lines. If light is refracted by a medium, it is because the photons couple with electrons in the medium, are absorbed, and then new photons are emitted"}, {"title": "Document 9", "text": "a complete vacuum that we normally think about is outer space, though this still has a few atoms floating around. The atoms in gases are pretty far apart. Light slows down only a very tiny bit in air; its almost not even worth mentioning. But in glass, light slows down substantially, from 300,000 km/s to something under 200,000 km/s. The exact amount depends on the type of glass. So when light enters a piece of glass (from air), it slows down suddenly. Its just like running down the beach, then hitting the water and slowing down as you have to struggle to move your legs through the water. Okay, so whats this got to do with the light bending? Imagine youre running down the beach with a group of friends, holding hands or with your arms linked together. You run side by side and at the same speed, so you form a nice straight line sweeping across the sand, straight towards the water. Now everyone in the line hits the water at the same time, and everyone suddenly has to slow down. Thats fine, everyone slows down at the same time, so your entire line of friends, considered as a single object, just slows down, and everyone stays in line. This is just like what happens when light hits a piece of glass straight on. It just slows down. Figure 3. Line of people bending as they enter water. Now imagine your line of friends is running across the beach at an angle to the water."}, {"title": "Document 14", "text": "direction. When light passes from air, which is a transparent medium of low density, into glass, which is a transparent medium of much greater density, it alters the direction in which the light is travelling. You can see this if you look at figure 2. Figure 2 \u2013 using an achromatic doublet lens In figure 2 you can see that the light that reaches the lens near the edges is bent inwards, which causes it to be brought to a focus some distance behind the lens. The degree of bending of the light path gets less, the nearer to the centre of the lens the light strikes the lens. Figure 2 shows that the light that strikes the lens at its exact centre is not deviated at all \u2013 it passes straight through. This is because the light is striking the glass surface at an exact right-angle. It is a fact that whenever light strikes, or leaves, glass at an exact right-angle its direction of travel is not altered. If you look at figure 2 you will see that the light that strikes the lens at its edge is not hitting the glass at a right angle, but at an angle that is less than 90 degrees. At places nearer to the centre of the diameter of the lens the angle at which the light strikes the surface of the glass becomes greater \u2013 nearer to 90 degrees \u2013 so the amount of bending of the light becomes less. This process of light bending as it"}, {"title": "Document 16", "text": "if that should possibly be supposed, it will avail nothing; for the reflection is as strong, if not stronger, when the air is drawn away from the glass (suppose in the air-pump invented by Mr. BOYLE) as when it is adjacent to it. Secondly, if light in its passage out of glass into air be incident more obliquely than at an angle of forty or forty-one degrees, it is wholly reflected; if less obliquely, it is in great measure transmitted. Now it is not to be imagined, that light at one degree of obliquity should meet with pores enough in the air to transmit the greater part of it, and at another degree of obliquity meet with nothing but parts to reflect it wholly; especially considering, that in its passage out of air into glass, how oblique soever be its incidence, it finds pores enough in the glass to transmit the greatest part of it. <304> If any man suppose, that it is not reflected by the air, but by the utmost superficial parts of the glass, there is still the same difficulty; besides, that such a supposition is unintelligible; and will also appear to be false, by applying water behind some part of the glass instead of air. For so in a convenient obliquity of the rays, suppose of forty-five or forty-six degrees, at which they are all reflected, where the air is adjacent to the glass, they shall be in great measure transmitted, where the water is adjacent to it; which argues, that their"}, {"title": "Document 22", "text": "# Can shadow of light that goes through transparent colored material be of different color than the color of the material it goes through? This is a followup question on Why shadow of light that goes through colored glass becomes colored? The way I understand answer given is: more light from other color spectra than that of color (lets say red) of the material (lets say glass) is being absorbed so more of red gets through and gets reflected (less of other spectra gets through and gets reflected) this is why glass looks transparent red and so does shadow. Can there be a case where colored transparent material reflects one color but lets through some other (which would make shadow to be of different color than that of glass)? \u2022 I dont know about the case for glass, but gold is green by transmitted light: you can make gold leaf thin enough that this experiment is fairly easy to do. \u2013 user107153 Sep 13, 2016 at 8:58 \u2022 @tfb gold isnt really transparent in a normal sense (like a glass), however I understand point you are making - reflects one absorbs other. Thanks. Sep 13, 2016 at 9:01 Yes There is. These kinds of filters are called interference filters, They reflect one or more parts of the spectrum/transmit the rest parts and they do not absorb light at all. For example consider this interference filter which transmits green light and reflects blue and red parts of visible light: Red light and blue light is perceived by"}, {"title": "Document 33", "text": "a slanted angle? Also the colours get repeated after some interval which would imply that thickness decreases then increases or that the angle somehow (still confused about the angle argument) to give thaf red which seems unlikely. *You have mentioned that reflected light enhances the effect (which I also think) but putting a mirror where image is formed does not give any colour. So why would reflection from floor only do this and not the mirror? 3)The glass changes the angle (and it does so differently for different wave-lengths) at different points, therefore, light gets censored differently at different points yet the colours have a width and are uniform. This would imply that the change in angle at different points etc etc would have to happen in a very special way to give this pattern. A: What is happening, in my opinion, is the result of two effects: First one is to notice that the glass of your window is most probably not uniform. Meaning, as a guess, it is thinner on the top and gradually gets thicker to the bottom, but in a very slight manner that only light feels it. What does this cause? Well if the glass also has two different refraction indices, say $n v$ for vertical refraction index and $n h$ for horizontal refraction index, then the polarization of the light traveling through the glass will rotate due to this non-isometry $n h neq n v$. But remember that the glass at some point is thicker than the others; which leads to the fact that"}, {"title": "Document 34", "text": "the way light passes through glass creates an unusual and special beauty that few other mediums provide. If you have the chance to visit Seattle, you cannot miss this mind-blowing exhibit. It is unforgettable and unlike anything else weve ever seen. What a spectacular sight to see!! I would LOVE to visit!!"}, {"title": "Document 38", "text": "light is reflected. Now we add another surface of glass behind the first. According to common sense, 8% of the light should be reflected, right? Wrong. Now the amount of light which is reflected varies between 0% and 16%, depending on the distance between the two surfaces. This is truly bizarre; for it seems that the mere presence of second surface of glass alters the reflectiveness of the first. But how does the light \u201cknow\u201d there is a second surface of glass? It seems the light somehow is affected before it comes into contact with either surface. Newton was aware of this awkward problem, and he came up with his theory of \u201cfits of easy reflection or transmission\u201d to explain this phenomenon. But this \u201ctheory\u201d was merely to say that the glass, for some unknown reason, sometimes lets light through, and sometimes reflects it. In other words, it was hardly a theory at all. Every Ray of Light in its passage through any refracting Surface is put into a certain transient Constitution or State, which in the progress of the Ray returns at equal Intervals, and disposes the Ray at every return to be easily transmitted through the next refracting Surface, and between the returns to be easily reflected by it. Also fascinating to the modern reader is the strange dual conception of light as waves and as particles in this work, which cannot help but remind us of the quantum view. The wave theory makes it easy to account for the different refrangibility of the"}, {"title": "Document 41", "text": "has a shiny appearance and doesn\u2019t stick to the glass surface of glass. When light encounters a material, it can interact with it in different ways. These interactions depend on the nature of the light and the nature of the material. For instance, light falling on a leaf encounters many pigments molecules, predominantly chlorophyll. These molecules absorb light from the red and blue ends of the visible spectrum. The remaining light is scattered back because molecules in a leaf are tightly packed and so, we see a green leaf. Glass has properties of both a solid (its molecules don\u2019t move very much) and a liquid (the molecules are not arranged in any ordered way). Molecules in glass are not packed into a tight lattice and, unless tinted, it doesn\u2019t contain molecules that capture light with a particular energy. So, when light encounters glass, most o it passes straight through. Hence it is transparent. light and the nature of the material. For instance, light falling on a leaf encounters many pigments molecules, predominantly chlorophyll. These molecules absorb light from the red and blue ends of the visible spectrum. The remaining light is scattered back because molecules in a leaf are tightly packed and so, we see a green leaf. Glass has properties of both a solid (its molecules don\u2019t move very much) and a liquid (the molecules are not arranged in any ordered way). Molecules in glass are not packed into a tight lattice and, unless tinted, it doesn\u2019t contain molecules that capture light with a particular"}, {"title": "Document 42", "text": "greater the resistance.) As this happens, the molecules gradually move more and more slowly, until they are hardly moving at all. This indecisiveness on the part of glass -- choose a state of matter already! -- has led to the mistaken assumption that glass is actually a fluid. There is an enduring urban legend that the glass windows in medieval cathedrals are thicker at the bottom because over hundreds of years, the glass has flowed downward and pooled at the bottom. There is a tiny bit of truth to the legend. At the molecular level, glass does flow, it just does so very verrry sloooowly. Yvonne Stokes, a mathematician at the University of Adelaide in Australia, has performed detailed calculations on old cathedral windows, and estimates that it would take at least 10 million years for the glass at the bottom to grow just 5% thicker. She emphasizes that this is a conservative estimate; it might take much longer. So theres frankly no way in hell that the irregularities in medieval cathedral windows are due to the flowing properties of glass. Instead, the observed anomalies are probably due to inherent flaws resulting from the manufacturing process. (For more detailed information on the molecular structure of glass, whether or not it can be said to truly flow, and some fascinating early history, see this excellent discussion.) In a 1999 article in Discover magazine on the physics of glass, Robert Kunzig discussed the possibility of an ideal glass: what you would produce if you could cool a liquid"}, {"title": "Document 43", "text": "one that isnt wholly transparent. Any small, recurring artifacts in your ocean of glass will render it opaque at some distance away, not to mention that light itself wont propagate through glass indefinitely. Light loses energy as it passes through glass and eventually is absorbed by it. $endgroup$ \u2013 B.fox $begingroup$ Also, I would suspect that an ocean of glass would be massive, and have varying levels of densities. Light passing through these densities would owe itself to refraction, and theres hardly any telling in what way itll become distorted. $endgroup$ $begingroup$ Given that I said Im not talking about atmospheric diffraction (Venus has some weird stuff going on there). Solutions must work for a vacuum world. I dont think making the planet transparent should count. $endgroup$ $begingroup$ @TristanKlassen as I said. It is a loophole. However, I doubt you can get the result you want from geometry alone. Any time the three elements of your system align along a line you will have roughly 50% of the planet in daylight. So to have a significantly longer day period always is likely unfeasible. The only way to avoid that would be to never allow the three bodies to align but Im pretty sure even that is not possible. However if you simply want longer days 90% of the time then I have a sneaking suspicion that binary systems will naturally trend towards have mostly longer days. $endgroup$ Does a forever day count? The moon has a few peaks of eternal light, and it has been theorized"}, {"title": "Document 44", "text": "Id also like to know what is glass2? Also, can we have option for materials to pass through photons/diffuse in general? Using archglass is a terrible idea, it never looks good (aside flat panels like in a windows in distance). It would be much better to have an option for object to let gi go through. Very interesting.. So Ive figured there was a shading issue, autosmooth + bevel modifier changed shading and that resulted in the error."}, {"title": "Document 47", "text": "is a glass? Why can we see through it when other materials are opaque? Glasses exist in a poorly understood state somewhere between solids and liquids. In general, when a liquid is cooled there is a temperature at which it will \u201cfreeze\u201d, becoming a crystalline solid (eg. water into ice at 0C). Most solid inorganic materials are crystalline and are made up of many millions of crystals, each having an atomic structure which is highly ordered, with atomic units tessellating throughout. The shape of these units can be observed in the shape of single crystals (eg. hexagonal quartz crystals). Glass is different: it is not crystalline but made up of a continuous network of atoms that are not ordered but irregular and liquid-like. This difference in atomic structure occurs because the liquid glass is cooled so quickly that the atoms do not have time to arrange themselves into regular, crystal-like patterns. If cooled fast enough almost any liquid can form glass, even water. However, the rate of cooling must be very fast. Fortunately for us, liquids composed primarily of silicon oxide can be cooled slowly and still form a glass. They get gradually stiffer during cooling until they reach the \u201cglass transition temperature\u201d below which they are effectively solid. This transparent silicate material is what we know as glass, and despite its liquid-like atomic structure it is to all intents and purposes solid, only flowing over billions of years \u2013 much too slowly to be noticed in the hundreds of years cathedral windows have been in"}, {"title": "Document 48", "text": "in regard to light entering and passing through the lens, is that the light always refracts/bends towards the larger base of the glass prism. And the reason for this is because, it is the larger/thicker and heavier base of the glass prism that possesses the largest quantity of density, relative to the rest/outer reaches of the glass lens. Therefore as photons (as with the nature of the gravitons of gravity) are attracted towards greater densities and quantities of matter and mass; so it follows that each photon when passing through the atoms of the glass lens, will undergo the process of the nucleon gravitational to slingshot effect; whereby with each successive transit of a photon through the atoms of a glass lens; its passage/path of direction, will become more convergent or divergent, relative to the greatest density and/or thickness of the convex or concave lens. In diagrams A and B it can also be seen, that when a light beam is directed straight towards the centre of a convex lens or a glass sphere; the light beam is not subject to the nucleon gravitational to slingshot effect because the nucleon gravitational pull is being exerted in line, and directly forwards towards the opposite side of the lens, by the nucleons present within the greater central density of the convex lens. And In the case of the concave lens it can be seen, that the light beam also passes directly forward and through the centre of the lens; and this occurs for the same reason as for"}, {"title": "Document 52", "text": "# Why is Glass Transparent? This video relates a phenomenon that we have taken for granted to the study of quantum physics (more specifically, photon absorption) and atomic structure."}, {"title": "Document 55", "text": "the glass in the windowpanes of some centuries-old buildings is thicker at the bottom because the glass flowed downward over time. \u201cThe real reason the bottom is thicker is because they hadn\u2019t yet learned how to make perfectly flat panes of glass,\u201d Weeks says. \u201cFor practical purposes, glass is a solid and it will not flow, even over centuries. But there is a kernel of truth in this urban legend: Glasses are different than other solid materials. Shattering myths: For all practical purposes, glass is a solid. But physicists are still struggling to explain how, and when, a liquid transitions into a glassy material. To explore what makes glasses different, the Weeks lab uses mixtures of water and tiny plastic balls, each about the size of the nucleus of a cell. This model system acts like a glass when the particle concentration is increased. A major drawback to this model system is that actual glass molecules are not spherical, but irregularly shaped. \u201cWhen the hot molten liquid that forms a glass cools down, it\u2019s not just that the viscosity becomes enormous, growing by a factor of a billion, there is something different about how the molecules are moving,\u201d Weeks says. \u201cWe wanted to set up an experiment that would allow us to see that movement, but spheres move differently than irregular shapes.\u201d In 2011, however, the physics lab of David Pine, at New York University, developed a way to join clusters of these tiny plastic balls together to form tetrahedrons. Kazem Edmond, while a graduate student"}, {"title": "Document 58", "text": "of much greater density, it alters the direction in which the light is travelling. You can see this if you look at figure 2. Figure 2 \u2013 using an achromatic doublet lens In figure 2 you can see that the light that reaches the lens near the edges is bent inwards, which causes it to be brought to a focus some distance behind the lens. The degree of bending of the light path gets less, the nearer to the centre of the lens the light strikes the lens. Figure 2 shows that the light that strikes the lens at its exact centre is not deviated at all \u2013 it passes straight through. This is because the light is striking the glass surface at an exact right-angle. It is a fact that whenever light strikes, or leaves, glass at an exact right-angle its direction of travel is not altered. If you look at figure 2 you will see that the light that strikes the lens at its edge is not hitting the glass at a right angle, but at an angle that is less than 90 degrees. At places nearer to the centre of the diameter of the lens the angle at which the light strikes the surface of the glass becomes greater \u2013 nearer to 90 degrees \u2013 so the amount of bending of the light becomes less. This process of light bending as it passes from air into glass is called REFRACTION. You should also understand that the refraction also happens as the light leaves"}, {"title": "Document 60", "text": "light passes through. Another complication is that the transparency of a substance varies depending on the wavelength of the light. The same object may be transparent to some wavelengths, and opaque to others. Ordinary glass, for example, is transparent to the visible wavelengths, but does a pretty lousy job of transmitting ultraviolet and infrared radiation. Adding certain materials or coatings to the glass can make it even more selective, resulting in filters that only transmit certain colors. Light that we perceive as white often really has equal amounts of all colors (or wavelengths) in the visible range of the spectrum, as discussed in the previous chapter. In the rest of this chapter, for the most part, we will ignore effects that depend on wavelength and concentrate on more general behaviors of visible light. For example, you are probably familiar with the phenomenon of shadows. If you have a single small source of light in a room, any opaque object will cast a sharp shadow on a wall or floor, and that shadow will have the shape of the outline of the object. This tells us that on normal human length scales, light travels in straight lines. This somewhat trivial observation turns out to be an important tool for understanding all of the principles of basic optics. Lets be a little more careful here. Light only travels in straight lines as long as the medium it is traveling in is transparent and uniform. As we have seen, light doesnt actually need any medium in which to move."}, {"title": "Document 64", "text": "that the end of the metal rod, which is clearly visible through the transparent glass, is glowing far brighter than the glass. The rod is glowing bright red; the glass is glowing a relatively dim orange. In fact, if we look carefully, we see that the part of the glass immediately next to the end of the rod actually looks dark; that part of the glass may be the coolest part, though its certainly at least as hot as the rod end. The visible orange glow seems to be limited to the portion a fingers width away from the end of the rod, where we might expect the glass to be substantially hotter than the rod. So, what can we say? The glass is apparently transparent, or nearly so; it is glowing, but apparently quite a bit less strongly than the metal rod embedded in it. The second law predicts that transparent glass should glow less brightly than the opaque rod, and that to the extent that the glass glows, it must not be fully transparent. While these photos dont let us conclude anything quantitative about either the brightness or transparency of the glass, they seem to be consistent with what was predicted. Unfortunately we also cant tell from these pictures whether the glass has become any less transparent when heated to the point of glowing. This is an unsatisfactory conclusion, and I may add to this section if I can obtain some more quantitative results. Figure 6.3a -- Shadow of candle, cast by flashlight Candle"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [-0.021332528442144394, -0.11567150801420212], "y": [-0.1236177459359169, 0.09565070271492004], "mode": "markers", "name": "Centroids", "marker": {"size": 12, "symbol": "star", "color": "black"}, "text": ["Centroid 0", "Centroid 1"], "hoverinfo": "text"}], [{"x": [-0.015236159786581993, -0.026217224076390266, -0.12163615226745605, 0.06135987862944603, -0.1166541650891304, -0.00548987602815032, -0.07293573021888733, -0.034707095474004745, -0.2006053477525711, -0.05838041007518768, -0.06089438125491142, -0.24588865041732788, -0.06382133066654205, 0.03183332458138466, -0.07909804582595825, 0.05364079400897026, -0.04280993342399597, -0.1283533126115799, -0.0007767780916765332, -0.034955382347106934], "y": [0.06490736454725266, -0.03543725982308388, -0.12112406641244888, -0.07423047721385956, -0.017770158126950264, 0.021851766854524612, -0.0288022980093956, -0.06434719264507294, -0.1339407116174698, -0.10563608258962631, -0.07060423493385315, -0.0966072529554367, -0.07034434378147125, -0.08123734593391418, -0.07032127678394318, -0.06333806365728378, -0.0492781400680542, -0.042810238897800446, -0.08478865772485733, -0.04305281117558479], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster -1", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(255,237,111)"}, "text": ["Document 765", "Document 1007", "Document 1009", "Document 1014", "Document 1070", "Document 1089", "Document 1130", "Document 1134", "Document 1135", "Document 1147", "Document 1226", "Document 1257", "Document 1329", "Document 1330", "Document 1345", "Document 1395", "Document 1399", "Document 1406", "Document 1431", "Document 1468"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 765", "text": "provide an appraisal with their art that will lead you to believe that you are getting very good value. There are those with opinions that the appraisal methods are questionable. So, if you are inclined to buy something at one of these auctions, a common sense approach to avoid feeling like you got ripped off is to never buy thinking you will make a profit, buy the art because it suits your tastes and budget. Each member of your family has a cruise card. This card acts as a credit card as well as a room key. That also means each kid-unless the parent takes care of the card for the child- has access to charging privileges. These privileges can be limited however with a visit to the Pursers desk. If you dont set up a limit, it is worth it to check the account periodically if you suspect one of the kids may have abused this privilege. If you or one of the kids has trouble keeping track of that cruise card, go to the shops and buy a plastic holder with a lanyard. Place the card inside the plastic holder and you are good to go. For extra security, stop by the Pursers Desk and get a hole punched in the card to slip through the security ring that attaches the lanyard. >> Shopping Get Cruise Price Alerts Already Booked? Track price decreases that may trigger your best price guarantee credit. Not Yet Booked? Get notified when prices go up or down helping you"}, {"title": "Document 1007", "text": "The Depssi card (Depth of field, sunrise, sunset indicator) is a handy guide/reference card that has two functions; it enables the outdoor photographer to quickly select the hyperfocal distance for different lenses (or zoom settings) using various apertures. On the reverse side of the card there are the angles/positions of sunrise and sunset for every month. The card is made in a durable plastic suitable for prolonged use. The size of a credit card, it can be tucked into a wallet/purse or secured to your camera bag until needed. References Photography equipment"}, {"title": "Document 1009", "text": "class=button flex w-inline-block>

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Hands Free Door Opener

Alumoulds (Greece) worked in partnership with Precious Plastic Leman (Switzerland) to design these injected hands free openers helping people open doors and reduce the spread of the virus through contact.

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*To ensure hygienic standards are met, in this exceptional situation it is ok to use Precious Plastic machines with virgin plastic.

why precious plastic?

Learn how Precious Plastic could a viable solution to provide help to releve the global pandemic and help save lives around the planet.

Distributed design

People from around the globe are helping to design products and moulds.

Global community

Precious Plastic counts on thousands of people"}, {"title": "Document 1014", "text": "unable to help you with any transaction enquiries.

Is this an official myki app?
No.

Why isnt the iOS app available?
Unfortunately Apple has repeatedly rejected the app for the App Store, based on grounds that it is not published by myki. Alternatively you can download the beta from TestFlight.

Does this app top up faster than the myki website?
No. This app uses the same top up functionality as the myki website.

I cant seem to log in with the correct username & password?
A number of people have reported this issue. It appears the myki system has a bug with older accounts with longer passwords or non-alphanumeric symbols. (Sometime recently a password length restriction was added.) Users have been able to workaround this issue by changing their account password to something shorter and only alphanumeric characters.

I topped up with an international credit card, money has been deducted from my credit card but my myki is not topped up?
Unfortunately myki appears to be blocking top ups online using international credit cards. Your top up will not be processed. You have to top up using a myki machine, store or at a ticket counter.

Fortunately the money deducted from your credit card is only a temporary transaction and is usually automatically refunded within a few business days. Since the app does not see your account or credit card details, I am unable to help you with any transaction enquiries. Please"}, {"title": "Document 1070", "text": "VIP Style Quiz](http://whatsupmailbox.com/images/CateAndChloeStyleQuiz.png)](http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?B=871946&U=1115177&M=49865&urllink=){:target= blank}
Then you pick out the styles of jewelry that you love from a variety of choices: [![Cate & Chloe VIP Style Quiz](http://whatsupmailbox.com/images/CateAndChloeStyleQuiz2.png)](http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?B=871946&U=1115177&M=49865&urllink=){:target= blank} This style question goes on to necklaces and earrings as well. I found this to be really helpful and promising to know that they just might get my fashion sense to the dot. Now lets start unboxing!
This review is for the Full VIP Status box.
[![First look at unboxing](http://whatsupmailbox.com/images/CateAndChloeVIPJune2016OpenBox.jpg)](http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?B=871946&U=1115177&M=49865&urllink=){:target= blank} First look at unboxing reveals their pretty packaging. All wrapped up with a mesmerizing star patterned tissue paper!
[![Second look at unboxing](http://whatsupmailbox.com/images/CateAndChloeVIPJune2016OpenBox2.jpg)](http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?B=871946&U=1115177&M=49865&urllink=){:target= blank} Under the tissue paper, a welcome card appears! Hello VIP indeed!
The Welcome Card: [![Cate & Chloe VIP July 2016 Info Card](http://whatsupmailbox.com/images/CateAndChloeVIPJune2016Info.jpg)](http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?B=871946&U=1115177&M=49865&urllink=){:target= blank}
[![Cate & Chloe VIP July 2016 Info Card](http://whatsupmailbox.com/images/CateAndChloeVIPJune2016Info2.jpg)](http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?B=871946&U=1115177&M=49865&urllink=){:target= blank} On the back of the card youll find details of the jewelry you received. I cant wait to see them!
[![Cate & Chloe VIP July 2016 Makeup Bag](http://whatsupmailbox.com/images/CateAndChloeVIPJune2016MakeupBag.jpg)](http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?B=871946&U=1115177&M=49865&urllink=){:target= blank} All packages come with a special signature Cate & Chloe travel make up bag, and this months bag comes with a motivational good vibes statement. Its simple design and pink font fits right into my style.
[![Cate & Chloe VIP July 2016 Jewelry Box](http://whatsupmailbox.com/images/CateAndChloeVIPJune2016JewelryBox.jpg)](http://www.shareasale.com/r.cfm?B=871946&U=1115177&M=49865&urllink=){:target= blank} Cate & Chloe sends their jewelry items in these cute boxes (or in jewelry bags if the item doesnt fit). It definitely makes a difference to find your jewelry packaged in cute and functional boxes versus a cheap and regular plastic packaging. So I commend them for that!
"}, {"title": "Document 1089", "text": "The dentist is fine about it. And why not? He never does home visits - can you imagine having root canal work at the kitchen table? As long as I can still produce a credit card, why should he care where I live? At the GP surgery, however, its a different story."}, {"title": "Document 1130", "text": "strategies endlessly. But all that work goes up in a puff when you lose. Digression: At this point in the tournament, I had a secret plan. After the first round loss, I worried that he was not going to do well and decided I should have a nice surprise for him. You know, just in case. So while he was playing a match, I went to the vendor at the side of the room (because if there\u2019s Pokemon going on there\u2019s an opportunity to swipe your credit card down to a plastic wafer three molecules thick) and looked for a plushie Ampharos. (That\u2019s an electrical sheep sort of thing, and for some reason it\u2019s the boy\u2019s favorite.) \u201cNope! Sorry.\u201d My next question: \u201cDo you have a Lanturn Prime?\u201d Vendor: \u201cEr, Lanturn Prime is a card; the Pokemon is just \u2018Lanturn.\u2019 And no, we don\u2019t have it.\u201d At this point I was tapped out, because those were the only two I was sure he liked. Then the vendor said: \u201cThis is a very popular Pokemon with the kids, though, and it\u2019s the only one we have. It\u2019s a Hydreigon.\u201d It wasn\u2019t very big, just about the size of my hand, and it looks like a mix of a dragon and purplish daisy. I thought He\u2019s playing a Hydreigon deck\u2026 why not? \u201cWhat\u2019s it cost?\u201d He looked at the label: \u201cTwenty dollars.\u201d At least he had the decency to sound embarrassed. I bought it anyway and stuffed it into the bottom of my bag for later than night."}, {"title": "Document 1134", "text": "phone booth by the main staircase). Mobile Phones, Tablets or Other Mobile Devices, however, may be utilised in the Clubhouse by medical staff \u2018on call\u2019 and to summon medical assistance in an emergency, and also for accessing (1) the Internet (e.g. making golf reservations, checking emails etc), (2) Social Media (e.g. Facebook, Twitter) and (3) the taking of Photos, particularly on social occasions. Mobile phones should otherwise be switched off upon entering the Clubhouse or the Bowling Pavilion. Smoking/ E Cigarettes: Smoking and the use of electronic cigarettes, or other electronic nicotine delivery systems, are prohibited in all enclosed areas of the Golf and Bowling Club and such other areas as determined by the Management Committee. All forms of smoking are prohibited in the following areas surrounding the Clubhouse: the Patio area, steps and ramp thereto; the West Wing lobby and steps thereto; the Main Entrance porch and steps thereto; the Dining Room steps. Sports Equipment & Bags: The bars, restaurant, television room, reception, and entrance hall must be kept clear of all sports equipment and bags. Swipe Cards: Members should use their membership swipe cards to gain entry to the Clubhouse and locker rooms. Members should note that in order to avail of Members\u2019 discount in the bar, they must tender their own swipe card to the lounge or bar staff when placing their bar order. Where a card is in credit, the balance will automatically be reduced by the transaction amount. Swipe cards are not transferable and must be presented by the owner only."}, {"title": "Document 1135", "text": "TechRadar pro IT insights for business Best Cloud Storage Best Printer Mac Pro 2020 Vodafone issues half-sized SIMs in war on plastic By Steve McCaskill 2019-12-06T10:55:03Z Vodafone aims to halve environmental impact by 2025 (Image credit: Vodafone) Vodafone is to issue customers with half-sized SIM card holders as part of measures to eliminate all non-essential plastics at its retail stores and offices by April 2020. SIM card holders have traditionally been the size of a credit card, often dwarfing the dimensions of the actual SIM. By reducing the size of the holder, Vodafone will reduce plastic waste by more than 340 tonnes and save up to 15 tonnes of carbon dioxide emitted during the production and transportation for every tonne of plastic reduced. This amounts to a reduction of 5,000 tonnes of carbon dioxide annually. Vodafone 5G takes off at Gatwick Lack of phone recycling leads to metal shortage Exertis to offer refurbished handsets to resellers Vodafone green The initiative will support Vodafone\u2019s overall aim of halving its environmental impact by 2025. The operator\u2019s 7,700 retail stores worldwide will no longer offer plastic bags and will restrict the use of plastic marketing or promotional materials. A range of eco-friendly accessories will also be stocked, including phone cases, charging backs and docks, under the \u2018Red loves Green\u2019 branding. Vodafone will help customers to recycle and extend the lifespan of their devices and will no longer offer plastic bags in its 7,700 retail stores worldwide. Stores will also restrict their use of plastic marketing and promotion materials and"}, {"title": "Document 1147", "text": "Mahendra Sales Corporation, a company specialising in packaging products, now offers a range of health products imported from South Korea. Vacuum packaging is a process of removing air from inside a bag and sealing it to prevent air from going back. Mahendra Sales offers Electronics Safe. This is a unique product with credit card swiper installed in it. This machine is used for locking any important documents, laptops, jewellery and precious items by which operation can be implemented only by a secret code from 4-6 digits or by simply swiping the credit card. Mahendra Sales Corporation offers a Paper Shredder. It is available with CD cutter, which is a highly versatile product for office automation industry. The unique feature of this paper shredder is to shred a maximum of seven sheets of paper at a time of A-4 size. This machine has a reverse sending feature, which are user-friendlier. The company offers Industrial labelling Systems with the brand name, Globalmark. The system has been developed by combining Windows CE operating system to achieve unequalled ease. Mahendra Sales Corporation, Indias largest house of packaging organisation, brings for the first time in India an innovative product for carton numbering systems. Paper shredder with CD/credit card cutter is a new offering from Mahendra Sales Corporation, a highly versatile product for offices, software professionals, defense establishments, banks, etc., for giving security to data. Innoseal is a unique product from Spain (made of ABS material). This machine can seal any plastic bag or carry bag with cello tape and a unique"}, {"title": "Document 1226", "text": "Ruskie Business is the fifteenth episode of the first season of the American mystery television series Veronica Mars. Written by Phil Klemmer and John Enbom and directed by Guy Bee, the episode premiered on UPN on February 22, 2005. The series depicts the adventures of Veronica Mars (Kristen Bell) as she deals with life as a high school student while moonlighting as a private detective. In this episode, Veronica is hired by a Russian mail-order bride who requests her help in finding a long-lost love. Meanwhile, Veronica must help her friend, Meg (Alona Tal) deal with a secret admirer while simultaneously guiding Logan (Jason Dohring) through the possibility that his mother, Lynn (Lisa Rinna) may still be alive. Synopsis Veronica talks to Logan about his moms credit card use. Meanwhile, Duncan organizes a 1980s-themed dance. While they are talking, Meg (Alona Tal) walks up and tells her that she has a secret admirer. Meg asks for her help. Veronica walks into Mars Investigations, where a woman named Katerina asks Veronica to find her fianc\u00e9. Katerina explains the situation\u2014they met online, but they have lost touch, and she thinks that he is in Neptune. Veronica asks Wallace to track one of the two boys who possibly texted Meg, and he agrees. The next day, Meg receives some flowers from her secret admirer. Veronica reports back to Katerina that they havent found Tom (her fianc\u00e9), but Katerina agrees to pay more. Veronica places a fake casting call to pinpoint Tom, which she does. Logans moms credit card shows"}, {"title": "Document 1257", "text": "Magdalena\u2019s D\u2019Shaun Vinyard recognized for his work \u2026 Albuquerque could soon reinstate plastic bag ban by: Rachel Knapp Posted: May 17, 2021 / 10:10 PM MDT Updated: May 19, 2021 / 08:14 AM MDT ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. (KRQE) \u2013 Just weeks after the ban on plastic bags in Albuquerque started, officials suspended it because of the pandemic. However, now it looks like it could be reinstated soon. Grocery stores acknowledge it can be frustrating for customers if they forget their reusable bags but said the break from the plastic bag ban has actually helped. Mayor Keller: Plastic bag ban to remain on hold until after pandemic The owner of the Mexico Lindo grocery store off-Broadway and Kathryn said they\u2019ve been busy during the pandemic. \u201cBusiness-wise, we went up,\u201d said Fabian Moreno, owner of the Mexico Lindo. \u201cBusiness has been up because we have groceries and people have to eat every day.\u201d At the start of the pandemic, the City of Albuquerque lifted the ban on single-use plastic bags in stores because of concerns about germs on reusable bags. The owner of Mexico Lindo said it was a relief because customers used to get frustrated if they forgot their reusable bags and plastic bags get customers in and out of the stores quicker. Report ranks New Mexico among worst states for recycling infrastructure El Paso woman wakes up to find blood dripping on \u2026 Credit cards, IDs, bank account numbers found in \u2026 2020 UFO sightings spike during lockdowns: Albuquerque \u2026 \u201cIf they\u2019re going to buy a lot"}, {"title": "Document 1329", "text": "will be located on the east side of the market area and have fronts that look like crates. Portable kiosks will be located on the west side of the market and look like carts. The goal of the portable kiosks is conserve space and create flexibility. Mobile Market In September 2012, Kip Holden, Mayor-President of Baton Rouge, created community programs with the goal of making Baton Rouge a healthier city. The Mobile Market is a food truck that will visit neighborhoods in north Baton Rouge that have been declared food deserts by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. These neighborhoods are in the 70802, 70805, and 70807 ZIP codes. The truck will visit the neighborhoods each week, selling produce from small-farm farmers, to give residents greater access to fresh produce. The Mobile Market will feature cooking demonstrations and other educational events. The Mobile Market project is expected to begin in February 2013. Nutrition Assistance Programs The ability to accept Nutrition Assistance Program benefits was added in 2010. All three locations of the Red Stick Farmers Market and the Main Street Market accept benefits from Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Woman, Infants, and Children (WIC), and Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program (SFMNP). All benefits are accessed by an Electronic Benefits Transfer (EBT) card, which looks and operates like a debit card. At all locations, patrons may take their EBT cards to the debit and credit card terminal to have their cards swiped in exchange for tokens worth $5 each. Tokens can be used at any vendor booth. SNAP"}, {"title": "Document 1330", "text": "DB. This is why SetProfiles will // invoke Refresh after finishing, to ensure we get into a // consistent state. See Refresh for details. virtual void SetProfiles(std::vector* profiles); // Sets |credit cards | to the contents of |credit cards| and updates the web // database by adding, updating and removing credit cards. void SetCreditCards(std::vector* credit cards); // Loads the saved profiles from the web database. virtual void LoadProfiles(); // Loads the saved credit cards from the web database. virtual void LoadCreditCards(); // Cancels a pending query to the web database. |handle| is a pointer to the // query handle. void CancelPendingQuery(WebDataServiceBase::Handle* handle); // Notifies observers that personal data has changed. void NotifyPersonalDataChanged(); // The first time this is called, logs an UMA metric for the number of // profiles the user has. On subsequent calls, does nothing. void LogProfileCount() const; // The first time this is called, logs an UMA metric for the number of local // credit cards the user has. On subsequent calls, does nothing. void LogLocalCreditCardCount() const; // Returns the value of the AutofillEnabled pref. virtual bool IsAutofillEnabled() const; // Overrideable for testing. virtual std::string CountryCodeForCurrentTimezone() const; // Sets which PrefService to use and observe. |pref service| is not owned by // this class and must outlive |this|. void SetPrefService(PrefService* pref service); void set database(scoped refptr database) { database = database; } void set account tracker(AccountTrackerService* account tracker) { account tracker = account tracker; } void set signin manager(SigninManagerBase* signin manager) { signin manager = signin manager; } // The backing database that this PersonalDataManager uses. scoped refptr database ; // True if personal data has been loaded from the web database. bool"}, {"title": "Document 1345", "text": "with the Transit GO Ticket app. Another way to skip lines at ticket machines is by getting an ORCA card. Cards only cost $5 for adults, plus whatever amount a rider chooses to load in the card\u2019s E-purse or the cost of a pass that is good for unlimited transit trips. ORCA works on trains, buses and ferries throughout the region. More information is available at orcacard.com. A few additional reminders for a smoother trip: Riders using an Orca card should remember to tap on and off at Sounder and light rail stations. Free parking is available at all Sounder stations, as well as Angle Lake and Tukwila International Boulevard Red Line light rail stations. CenturyLink Stadium does not allow bags larger than 4.5x6.5, so large purses should be left at home. A 1-gallon plastic freezer bag, 12x6x12 clear plastic bag or no bag at all will help get you through security faster."}, {"title": "Document 1395", "text": "Does your company use Stripe to charge credit cards? Does your company use QuickBooks Online for accounting? Did you export your full transaction history from Stripe as an .IIF file? Did you hope to import that transaction history into QuickBooks Online to do your taxes? Did you realize that QBO doesnt support importing data from .IIF files, which is what Stripe gave you? Then this tool might be helpful. Stripe-iiftoqbo takes an IIF file and produces a QBO file that you can import into QuickBooks Online. Its been tested with: * Credit Card Payments * Subscription Credit Card Payments * Credit Card Refunds * Transfers to a Company Bank Account * Payouts to Third Parties * Stripe Connect Fees Collected * Stripe Connect Fees Refunded * Stripe Transaction Fees You can use the Stripe data to come up with top-line revenue numbers from credit card payments and cost of goods sold if youre a marketplace with payouts. You can also double-check that all the transfers from Stripe sync up with transfers into your bank account. ## Usage Usage: stripe-iiftoqbo [-p PAYMENTS CSV FILE] [-t TRANSFERS CSV FILE] [-c] ACCOUNT NAME IIF FILE ## Quickstart First, get your IIF file from Stripe. Go to your Stripe Dashboard, then your account menu, then Account Settings. Go to the Data tab, and hit Export to Quickbooks. Choose your date range (e.g. all of 2013), and hit Export to IIF. Double-check your file to make sure its an .IIF. $ head balance history.iif !TRNS TRNSID TRNSTYPE DATE ACCNT AMOUNT MEMO !SPL TRNSID TRNSTYPE DATE ACCNT AMOUNT MEMO"}, {"title": "Document 1399", "text": "Shoplifter busted with gun at Saks Fifth Avenue while trying to charge $5,600 bag, $2,800 wallet to stolen card By Rocco Parascandola Police Bureau Chief Claudia Joseph, 32, of Brentwood, L.I., was charged with grand larceny and gun and pot possession after security caught her at Saks Fifth Avenue. (Richard Drew/AP) A pistol-packing Long Island woman was nabbed while trying to swipe luxury accessories from Saks Fifth Avenue in Midtown, police said Tuesday. Claudia Joseph had a loaded .22-caliber Ruger in her bag Monday, when she tried to buy a Louis Vuitton $5,600 bag and wallet, worth $2,800 with a Pennsylvania mans credit card, cops said. Joseph, 32, was using what authorities say looked like a duplicate store credit card belonging to a 67-year-old Pittsburgh man, cops said. Security guards found the handgun and marijuana in her purse, police said. She is charged with grand larceny and gun and pot possession. On May 8, she tried to pull a similar scam at Bloomingdales, cops said."}, {"title": "Document 1406", "text": "often in the first, second, third, or fourth position.. Literacy Intervention. The literacy intervention started with letter bags containing items that started with a consonant sound. Children dumped all items out of two letter bags, then sorted them into the correct bag by determining with which letter the object started. For example, the A letter bag might have pictures of an ant, a plastic apple, a drawing of an arm, etc. while the B letter bag might have a ball, a picture of a boy, a small boat, etc. After mastering single-letter bags, children followed the same process with bags for letter blends, such as -bl\u2016 or -wr.\u2016 After completing the letter blend bags, children in the literacy group interacted with end sound flash cards, where there is one end sound, such as -ing,\u2016 and multiple possible beginning sound options to create a word using that end sound. After children mastered basic phonological understandings through the letter bags, letter blend bags, and flash cards, they worked with short childrens poems. Poems focused on a specific phonetic ending (i.e. -ay, -ing,est). RAs began the reading session by talking with students for one minute to practice basic conversation skills and oral vocabulary. Then, children began the intervention session by rereading the poem read during the previous session, and were given as much help as necessary, with the goal of increasing fluency, teaching decoding, and exploring comprehension strategies. RAs followed the reading of the familiar poem with questions about the contents of the poem, such as -Where did the"}, {"title": "Document 1431", "text": "in Table 4. Compared to the first TransferTransfo baseline, MISSA outperforms the TransferTransfo baseline on the on-task contents. From Table 3, we observe that MISSA maintains longer conversations (14.9 turns) compared with Transfer-Transfo (8.5 turns), which means MISSA is better at maintaining the attackers engagement. MISSA also has a higher task success score (1.294) than TransferTransfo (1.025), which indicates that it elicits information more strategically. In the top two dialogs (A and B) that are shown in Table 4, both attackers were eliciting a credit card number in their first turns. TransferTransfo directly gave away the informa- tion, while MISSA replied with a semantically-related question why would you need my credit card number? Furthermore, in the next turn, TransferTransfo ignored the context and asked an irrelevant question what is your name? while MISSA was able to generate the response why cant you use my address?, which is consistent to the context. We suspect the improved performance of MISSA comes from our proposed annotation scheme: the semantic slot information enables MISSA to keep track of the current entities, and the intent information helps MISSA to maintain coherency and prolong conversations. Results and Analysis Compared to the hybrid model baseline, MISSA performs better on off-task content. As shown in the bottom two dialogs in Table 4, attackers in both dialogs introduced their names in their first utterances. MISSA recognized attackers name, while the hybrid model did not. We suspect it is because the hybrid model does not have the built-in semantic slot predictor. In the second turn, both"}, {"title": "Document 1468", "text": "the printed values* of your ship (primary weapon, agility, hull, shields). In addition, flagship cards may add bonus text-based abilities, actions, and upgrade slots to the assigned ship card. 3) Players may use the bonus text-based ability in addition to their ships normal text-based ability (if applicable) during the battle. 4) If a ship card does not have the bonus action in its action bar, that ship is now considered to have that action in its action bar. If a ship card already has the bonus action in its action bar, that ship may use this action as a free action every round. 5) If there is a bonus (talent) upgrade slot on your chosen flagship option, you may choose a (talent) upgrade even if your captain does not have the (talent) icon on the captain card. This talent is considered to be attached to the captain. 6) Players also receive a special plastic base and pegs that will show which ship is your flagship at a glance. The color of the base and pegs is black. Resource 10 4004 OP4Participation Hideki Class Attack Fighters Y 1. Players may only include 1 Attack Squadron when building their fleets for the tournament. This counts as their one resource for the tournament. Each Attack Squadron is comprised of one pre-painted miniature, a plastic base, two pegs, Ship Token, Maneuver Dial, Ship Card, A Maneuver Reference Card, 4 Attack Squadron tokens, two Attack Squadron ID tokens, and Shield Tokens (if applicable). 2. Attack Squadrons are treated"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [-0.19804510474205017, 0.044864919036626816, 0.017549602314829826, -0.06665433198213577, 0.03292284160852432, 0.04927254840731621, 0.04251689463853836, -0.014336252585053444, -0.020157113671302795, 0.15442344546318054, 0.039163149893283844, 0.06748296320438385, -0.005973651073873043, 0.013002954423427582, 0.10122509300708771, -0.020065730437636375, -0.29394710063934326, 0.12252204865217209, 0.037227217108011246, -0.07602588832378387], "y": [-0.043343402445316315, 0.11082035303115845, 0.14920400083065033, -0.002509360434487462, -0.03603864833712578, -0.06649761646986008, 0.18039293587207794, 0.0011016065254807472, -0.06397362053394318, -0.07825873792171478, 0.15360121428966522, -0.011990217491984367, 0.15028968453407288, 0.1516617387533188, -0.1303790956735611, 0.12050154060125351, -0.049713797867298126, 0.10544022172689438, 0.13546191155910492, 0.01625351794064045], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 0", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(141,211,199)"}, "text": ["Document 6", "Document 7", "Document 13", "Document 20", "Document 21", "Document 24", "Document 27", "Document 28", "Document 29", "Document 31", "Document 34", "Document 38", "Document 43", "Document 45", "Document 52", "Document 59", "Document 60", "Document 63", "Document 66", "Document 68"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 6", "text": "in effect throughout the country. Supermarkets are charging deposits and giving credits to those returning bags. There are also stores offering cash credits for reuesable shopping bags brought from home. Disposable shopping bags should have a half value, ten piece minimum return policy. They need to be strong enough to last, reusable so the store logo is more wourth while. The plastic recycling industry already in existance is not being utilized to its fullest capacity. Glad\u00ae, Zip Lock\u00ae, generic and produce bags. Sheet plastic and bulk matirial could have its weight recorded with the swipe card. After a said amount of poundage, one could redeem a cash-credit value. The percent of return would depend on a Swipt account pubilc records."}, {"title": "Document 7", "text": "for plastic money. You do not have to worry when someone runs away with your wallet, as long as you only have plastic money in it. The guy needs, PIN number to use it hence he cant take the cash or swipe it. As soon as you know that you are pickpocketed, you can call the bank and ask them to block or cancel the card. If it was actual cash in its place, then it is easy for the thief. He can easily take the cash and throw the wallet somewhere. But with plastic money, his job has become a difficult one. He needs to know cracking techniques to find the PIN number to use the cards. Hence worries associated with theft will be less in case of plastic money. Another merit is that the fingerprints on a plastic card are more clear than that on bank notes. Provides credit facility: How about having a card that provides you a credit facility? That sounds good right? With the advent of credit cards you can purchase anything today and you are given sufficient time to pay for it. Only with plastic money, you avail this credit facility. The advantage of having this facility is that you need not go behind people to borrow money in case of emergencies, instead, you can use the card in your hand. Also, you get ample amount of time to repay the amount. It is like a best buddy who helps you in case of financial needs. Purchase today and pay"}, {"title": "Document 13", "text": "cards when compared to bank notes, difficulty to duplicate easily like notes etc are a few to name. You need to get a better idea of the advantages, isnt it? Let us learn in detail the advantages of using plastic money instead of cash. Cards fit into the wallet easily: It is essential that we need to have some sort of money in hand always as we never know when a need arises. But carrying a lot of cash in hand is not at all a wise idea. Also, who would want to carry a lot of cash in hand and make their wallet bulge out. In such situations, plastic money comes for help. Your wallet will remain perfect and your cash needs will also be sorted out. If required you can take cash using plastic cards. Also, it is safe when you have a card with you as even if it is lost, you can always call the bank and ask them to block it. This avoids misusing the card by any. But when it is cash, you are not left with that option and you will end up losing your money. Cards are waterproof hence you dont have to get panicked even if water spilled over your wallet. They are strong and durable. Crime rates will decrease: We are living in a world where thefts and crimes are on the increase. Keeping cash in hand is not a safe thing to do. It will not give you peaceful nights. So be practical and opt"}, {"title": "Document 20", "text": "plastic materials. Bank cards"}, {"title": "Document 21", "text": "Major changes are on the way for the plastic we keep in our purses and wallets, for not only are credit card companies taking tentative steps to ensuring the material the cards are made of is more environmentally friendly, but there are moves to make the cards easier and quicker to use. Barclaycard earlier this month revealed the brand name of its three-in-one payment card \u2013 OnePulse \u2013 that is due to launch in September (marketingweek.co.uk July 9). The card will be the only one in the UK to combine Transport for London\u2019s Oyster card with a credit card facility. Meanwhile, Mastercard is looking to introduce a similar product in the UK, initially in partnership with fast-food chain McDonald\u2019s (MW April 7). These \u201cwave and pay\u201d or \u201ccontactless\u201d cards aim to make life easier for consumers, but with the UK\u2019s collective debt burden standing at an estimated \u00a31trillion, some say that\u2019s not necessarily a good thing. So how do UK consumers use and perceive credit cards, and what are the differences in attitudes across the regions and consumers groups? Halifax Credit Cards commissioned GfK NOP, which surveyed 935 UK consumers over 18. When asked which items they would least like to lose, consumers say their credit cards (16%), above mobile phone (8%) and driving licence (7%). However, younger cardholders are less protective of their plastic: fewer than one in ten (7%) of 18- to 24-year-olds say they would least like to lose their cards. By contrast, over a quarter (26%) of over-65s say cards are the"}, {"title": "Document 24", "text": "of credit card numbers and then calling the bank for authorization. The team experimented with bar codes and paper tape as repositories of customer data before settling on the magnetic tape. To demonstrate how the new card would look, the cardboard prototypes were whipped together, quickly and none too precisely. The prototype carried by Svigals and offered by Sotheby\u2019s has a rudimentary black stripe pasted to the card (at something of an unintended angle) with old-fashioned Scotch tape. At first, the stripes were going to be attached to credit cards made from paper or thin cardboard. But, in a burst of serendipity, other engineers simultaneously were making enormous progress in the fabrication of plastic substances. It took scientists two years to figure out how to reliably attach the magnetic stripe to the card, but the challenge was met. Thus was born the true modern credit card \u2014 a plastic card with the IBM-developed magnetic stripe. Also born were the phrases: \u201cDo you take plastic?\u201d and \u201cpaying with plastic.\u201d American Express stepped up to the plate first. In January 1970, it issued 250,000 plastic cards featuring magnetic stripes that allowed customers to use rudimentary airport ticket kiosks and, eventually, bank ATMs and the full range of on-site point-of-purchase and instant payment card systems. Even back then, digital information was producing seemingly miraculous feats. The magnetic stripe developed by Svigals and his team already had room for three \u201ctracks\u201d of recorded digital data. One primarily served airlines with the customer\u2019s name, credit card account number and other information."}, {"title": "Document 27", "text": "have made a purchase and when at the counter you realize that your card is damaged or when trying to swipe, the transaction is not getting proceed due to some chip error or damage. You will definitely wish if you had some cash in hand. These cases occur only when plastic money is used. It might be a rare case but the possibility cannot be completely ignored. Interest, for non payment: A credit card allows you to purchase today and pay for at a later period of time. It gives you a credit period, but if we fail to make the payment within the due date, interest will be charged. When we are using cash, we are not taking any credit from the bank, hence non-payment does not occur. We are living in a world where almost every other person holds plastic money along with cash. But we should know the advantages and disadvantages of it in order to use the plastic money efficiently. It is true that at times plastic money is of great help but we should admit that it is not the case always. One should be wise when using plastic money or cash. Whatever it is, money has value and we should not fall a victim for thefts be it online or not."}, {"title": "Document 28", "text": "this is a small machine. so i find myself at target, with oodles to buy and not much to spend. in my pants, in my pocket, in one part of my wallet, i carry a small plastic card stamped with a shiny, faded hologram. it is fun to let salespersons or cashiers swipe the card in exchange for goods and services. usually when i let salespersons or cashiers swipe the card, i proceed to exit a large building carrying several plastic bags that contain a variety of products. often, the people who swipe try to give me too many bags. i refuse the bags at the counter, explaining, i do not need this many bags. this product, for example, has a handle built into it for carrying. this bag will be wasted. my plastic card connects the person doing the swiping to a cache of cash stored as numbers in a database at a bank across the country on the east coast. i dont pay much attention to the rate at which these numbers grow smaller. i enjoy eating out and swiping. sometimes, sand gets into my wallet and abuses my plastic. i spent twenty minutes in the bedding section of target, examining the patterns and prices of sofa covers. sofa covers are not inexpensive. the nice-looking sofa covers cost $100 dollars. thats good money i could spend on beer or parking tickets. the $60 sofa covers come in plaid. nobody much likes plaid anymore, but now we have it in the living room of our"}, {"title": "Document 29", "text": "Smart card user can get customized services even without previous contacts with the supplier. The plastic or paper card in which the chip is embedded is fairly flexible. The larger the chip, the higher the probability that normal use could damage it. Cards are often carried in wallets or pockets, a harsh environment for a chip and antenna in contactless cards. PVC cards can crack or break if bent/flexed excessively. However, for large banking systems, failure-management costs can be more than offset by fraud reduction. The production, use and disposal of PVC plastic is known to be more harmful to the environment"}, {"title": "Document 31", "text": "card. You\u2019ll still insert your card into a reader (which is just slightly different than swiping it through). Next, the machine and the card exchange information to confirm the card and the information it generates is authentic and not fraudulent. Once confirmed, you enter your PIN and complete your transaction. Why Is This More Secure? You need to understand how older credit cards worked to know why chip-and-PIN is considered \u201cmore secure\u201d than previous credit cards. In the past, the only security feature built into a credit card was the magnetic strip on the back. This strip contained information about your line of credit, and it\u2019s what a machine read when you swiped your card at a cash register or through an ATM. The information stored on the strip was tied to your account and is what determined whether or not your payment was accepted. Here\u2019s the thing: this technology is the same used in cassette tapes. But we\u2019re talking about our credit cards and financial information here. You can see why this just wasn\u2019t secure enough to prevent issues like fraud. Stealing data from credit cards with just the magnetic strip is easy for thieves to do. The information is static, it\u2019s not encrypted, and it\u2019s easy to read. People committing fraud could easily take the information -- either with a credit card skimmer or by taking the card out of sight and copying down the number and security code -- and use it to make purchases or even counterfeit copies of the card. (And"}, {"title": "Document 34", "text": "to the installment period selected. It is an amazing facility offered by the banks as it helps you to purchase that thing you wish today and pay in equal installments within a period of specific time. Will you avail this facility if you are using cash? A big No is the answer. Therefore, this is indeed an advantage of plastic money. Convenience of making payments from home: In olden days when there was no plastic money, we need to go personally to each place to make a payment be it utility payments or booking tickets. But now you can pay at your own convenience sitting at home with the use of plastic money. For example, you need to go to the travel agency to pay cash for your ticket, instead, you can book your ticket online. Also when a travel agency is involved, they charge commission or fee but when you are booking the ticket directly from the airlines website, you are saving on it. Plastic cards can also be used for online purchases. We can see many online shops coming up these days. If you find something interesting on a website and would want to have it, you can always purchase it anytime using plastic money. Another advantage is that certain websites do not charge you the service fee if you are making payment through plastic money as the payment is done upfront. A service fee will be charged in cash on delivery option. Plastic money can be used 24 * 7 for online purchases."}, {"title": "Document 38", "text": "As a result, credit cards might fall out. How good is that? Not to mention that some features like the Velcro system or the magnetic strip will lose their effectiveness over time."}, {"title": "Document 43", "text": "Should You Avoid Credit Cards This Holiday Season? Cash or cards this Christmas? Does plastic rot your brain? No, this isnt another of those food packaging scares that regularly make the rounds on social media. The plastic in this case is of the credit card variety, and the question relates to whether using a card rather than cash affects how much you spend. Some believe that simply using plastic for transactions makes us spend more, because it changes how our brains work -- or, at least, how we think -- when were making purchases. However, their case is far from conclusive. A couple of years ago, IndexCreditCards.com reviewed some of the academic research thats tried to explore the supposed link between credit card use and greater spending. Its undeniable that a number of studies suggest such a link, and at least one (Do Payment Mechanisms Change the Way Consumers Perceive Products? from the Journal of Consumer Research) found that people who made purchases using plastic might tend to focus more on a products benefits, while those paying cash tend to focus more on its cost. However, the problem with many of these studies was highlighted in another paper, published in 2009 by researchers at Carnegie Mellon University: Its easy to show a correlation between card use and higher spending, but much harder to demonstrate causation. In other words, it may be that the sorts of people who use plastic are the sorts of people who tend to spend more. They prioritize benefits over costs because thats"}, {"title": "Document 45", "text": "Plastic debit or credit cards: nearly everyone has one, most likely several. And much research has been done on the subject of card use and how it has changed the way people spend. You may have heard, for example, about the pain of paying \u2013 and how plastic cards reduce it, making it even easier to spend your hard-earned funds. It achieves this both because you\u2019re not actually handing over physical cash, and because it severs the moment of consumption from the moment of making the payment \u2013 sometimes the actual payment doesn\u2019t happen until long after you\u2019ve enjoyed your purchase. It\u2019s not hard to see how using cards might mean you spend more, ultimately, than you\u2019d like. If you have to think long and hard about the money you need to spend for something, it is going to hurt much more than if you had bought it on a whim. In short: to be deliberate is to experience pain, which is likely to curb the temptation to buy \u2013 potentially saving money. Paying has since become even easier. Once you needed a signature for each card purchase, and now the personal identification number (PIN) used with cards is not needed either. What happens when all we need to do to make a purchase is simply wave our card near a machine or tap and go? Mastercard surveyed its card customers in 2012 and found that spending on their cards had leaped 30% in just one year after the customers went contactless. You could argue, of"}, {"title": "Document 52", "text": "Perhaps youve seen one of these before. A couple of inches above and below the magnetic stripe reader are protrusions that allow just enough room to swipe a credit card. The barriers are a negative affordance (is that the right terminology?); they make swiping a credit card awkward. I have to carefully place my card in the small space above the reader to start. After swiping I always end up jamming the card into the bottom barrier. If one wanted to apply Fittss law to swiping a credit card, and intentionally violate it, this seems like a pretty good way to do so. Yet, there must be a reason those barriers were added, and it doesnt appear to be structural. RedBox had a problem a few years ago with people installing credit card skimming equipment on their machines. The equipment was often attached to the existing credit card reader. It was big and bulky, but a lot of people wouldnt realize that it wasnt the right hardware. I thought these barriers were put in place to prevent the skimmers. The barriers protect against the installation of credit card skimmers. When the credit card reader and blocks are positioned correctly you find that at least half of the credit card is inside the reader when you start swiping. This means that there is no way to place a skimmer on the machine that can capture the whole strips data. Even if you had two read heads, one above and one below, there would still be a portion"}, {"title": "Document 59", "text": "Most of us use plastic money today, but it is necessary that we clearly understand the merits and demerits of it. Only then we will be able to use cards carefully and wisely. This article gives you a brief idea of the main advantages and disadvantages of plastic money. Plastic money aka polymer money is made out of plastic and has formed an important part of our daily life these days. It is easier to deal with cards than cash. Yes, the advantages of plastic money over cash has made it a best friend of many. It was in the 1950s the concept of plastic money came into being. When we say plastic money, it includes debit cards, ATM cards, credit cards, prepaid cards, smart cards and so on. The main advantage of plastic money is that it avoids the necessity to carry huge cash and is also difficult to mutilate. The disadvantage being there are still many among us who do not know how to use a plastic card wisely. This articles deals in general about the main merits and demerits of polymer money. Cash vs Plastic money; which one will you go for? If you are the one who always forgets your PIN number, cash is the best option for you. As saving the PIN in mobile is not a good idea. What if mobile gets lost? We need to think about all possibilities as it is our hard earned money. There are many advantages of carrying plastic money. The convenience, the quality of"}, {"title": "Document 60", "text": "made a difference in countries like Rwanda that have banned plastic bags. Finally, these bags are relatively new. According to \u201cHow the Plastic Bag Became so Popular\u201d in The Atlantic, \u201cPlastic grocery bags were introduced in America in 1979; Kroger and Safeway had picked them up in 1982. But relatively few stores were using them\u2026By the end of 1985, 75 percent of supermarkets were offering plastic bags to their customers.\u201d According to the New York Times, plastic bags \u201cwere first put at check-out stands in 1977.\u201d Before these bags were distributed in stores, people were lining containers with paper or wiping wastebaskets clean. Objection: \u201cCan\u2019t we recycle plastic bags?\u201d Response: Although large stores have recycling facilities for plastic bags, the process can be inefficient. For instance, many bags are transported long distances (Shoprite\u2019s facility is in Elizabeth, New Jersey), emitting greenhouse gases. According to this interview with the manager of a recycling facility in Brooklyn, the profitability of recycling plastic bags depends on the price of oil, and \u201cWhen the price of oil gets really low, using recycled plastic can actually be more expensive because it has to be sorted and cleaned\u2026Outerbridge says he can find a buyer for his plastic bags about half the time. The other half of the time, the bags go to a landfill.\u201d Objection: \u201cAren\u2019t reusable bags a public health hazard (ex: by spreading salmonella)?\u201d Solution: Food needs to be washed first no matter whether you use a plastic bag or a reusable one, especially after being placed in a shopping"}, {"title": "Document 63", "text": "instantly. This allows them to make that last minute purchase or catch that sale. If you operate a physical store with an online presence, then credit card payments are the best way to serve out-of-state customers. They can access your store, pay using their cards, and have their goods delivered to them. For services, they can order at their convenience without leaving their homes or offices. On the other hand, if your business has a strictly virtual model, then credit cards are the only way customers can pay you, apart from cash or check on delivery. And even then, cards are faster, safer, and easier for your clientele. If a customer plans on making a sizable purchase, they\u2019ll have to carry a large bundle of cash which makes them a magnet for pickpockets and muggers. If they\u2019re only spending a few dollars or cents, they may have the opposite problem of not having the right denominations. Either way, making change is a needless nuisance. Customers feel safer if they can just show up with a slim card and do their business with a single swipe. Many credit cards are linked to loyalty programs, so using the card can earn the customer bonus points, discounts, frequent flyer miles, free gifts, or other incentives. These points can typically be exchanged for free products, services, or travel. Banks prefer their customers using credit cards to cash because they can charge high rates of interest. That\u2019s why many issuers offer higher spending limits based on usage. If a cardholder repays"}, {"title": "Document 66", "text": "MoneyConsumerDont Waste Your Money Credit card or debit card? If youre trying to save money, make sure you know the difference Matt Cardy/Getty Images BRISTOL, ENGLAND - NOVEMBER 03: In this photo illustration credit debit cards are seen on November 3, 2017 in Bristol, England. The Bank of England raised interest rates from a historic low for the first time in ten years this week raising costs of lending and concerns for householder debt. (Photo by Matt Cardy/Getty Images) By: Ameera David (WXYZ) \u2014 Debit card, credit card, debit card? Do you go back and forth trying to figure out which one to use? If you\u2019re struggling to save money, you\u2019re a part of a growing club. The National Foundation for Credit Counseling says 32% of Americans don\u2019t have money for short term savings. Before thinking about where to cut in your budget, you may want first to think about which card you use when you shop. Explains why the plastic you use matters\u2026.so you Don\u2019t Waste Your Money! Well this next expert says if you\u2019re trying to save money, there\u2019s a difference in using one piece of plastic over the other. Many shoppers these days like Emily Pierce says credit is her go-to plastic. It does have its benefit, but it also has its drawbacks. \u201cIf I use a credit card I definitely spend more, I think about buy it now, pay it later,\u201d Pierce said. According to research by ValuePenguin.com, shoppers are willing to spend more --- as much as 83 percent in some"}, {"title": "Document 68", "text": "Time and time again, we hear that people are finding old plastic cards in their purses and wallets from months or even years ago. It\u2019s more common than you may think, but what\u2019s the reason for it? Well that\u2019s easy! High quality printed plastic cards have the ability to last far longer than their paper equivalents. They\u2019re not going to tear or rip in your bag, and they certainly won\u2019t go dog-eared. If you\u2019re presenting a business card to a potential client, the last thing you want to hand over it a tatty old paper card, that\u2019s for sure! What\u2019s more, you\u2019re never going to be stitched up if it rains. All of EyeCatchers\u2019 plastic cards are waterproof, which your customers will definitely thank you for. Next time they\u2019re heading to your shop with their gift card in hand and drop it in a nearby puddle, they\u2019ll be thankful you opted for plastic. Just because your plastic cards are primarily designed to be appointment cards, event passes or membership cards doesn\u2019t mean they can\u2019t fulfil other uses. Consider having a ruler etched on the reverse of your plastic card or point out its use as a bookmark\u2014that\u2019s sure to keep them in the hands of customers for a good while! Plastic cards aren\u2019t just functional, they look good as well! You\u2019ll find that clients, colleagues and customers are reluctant to throw out something when it\u2019s been designed and printed so professionally. But don\u2019t just take our word for it. Studies show that on average, 80% of"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [0.033520232886075974], "y": [-0.0644303560256958], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 1", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(255,255,179)"}, "text": ["Document 1188"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 1188", "text": "calling from the bathroom (no airfone) is a falsehood. \u2013 Renee May on American 77 used a cellphone to call her parents (according to them), and further, she used a credit card (according to the Claircom records). p. 12 of the Claircom records says \u201ccustomer swiped their card\u201d. However, I think Renee manually entered her credit card, too. Seat-back phone systems apparently would say a card was \u201cswiped\u201d to pay for a call, even if the card number was manually entered. The briefing on United 175 airfone calls states that \u201c\u2018Swiped Card\u2019 [refers to] the credit card number\u201d. This would apply even for Burnetts calls, etc. where the card number was manually entered. Yes, GTE airfone is a different system from Claircom (which was on American planes), but...could there be the same shorthand classification of call metadata happening here? If so, this means Renee May also manually entered her credit card in order to pay for her airfone call. This applies to anyone else who used cellphones from the \u201chijacked\u201d planes. Its here where Id like to make a slight correction to Wagners thesis, again. Airphone call billing was not turned off on American Airlines Boeing 757s and 767s. This is proven by page 12 of the Claircom records, which states that Renee May swiped her card. Yes, the front-end airphones where youd swipe your card were turned off. However, the billing system was still turned on. I imagine thats why Amy Sweeney couldve even used a calling card. Ongs phone call to AA Reservations was"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [-0.03880680724978447], "y": [-0.08749515563249588], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 2", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(190,186,218)"}, "text": ["Document 1098"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 1098", "text": "Flatbush, police said. The bandit walked into Ashoka Grill on Flatbush Avenue near Farragut Road at around 8 p.m., pointed a gun at a 44-year-old worker and ordered him to fill a plastic bag with cash, cops said. The worker piled about $72 into the bag and handed it over. The suspect was last seen running south along Flatbush Avenue. Investigators couldn\u2019t immediately provide a detailed description of him. Neither the worker nor the two teenage customers inside at the time were injured, cops said. Two gun-toting thieves pushed their way into an East Harlem apartment and stole the resident\u2019s cash, credit cards and jewelry, police sources said. When the 35-year-old victim answered a knock on the door of his First Avenue apartment at around 1:30 a.m. on Friday, male and female suspects brandishing pistols barged inside, sources said. The duo stole the man\u2019s wallet containing credit cards and cash. They also swiped several pieces of jewelry and five high-end watches before fleeing the apartment, sources said. No injuries were reported. Filed under daily blotter City council takes aim at drones"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [-0.009152758866548538], "y": [-0.08471992611885071], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 3", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(251,128,114)"}, "text": ["Document 1316"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 1316", "text": "A Twitter Data Scientist Hacks San Francisco\u2019s Subway Fares Posted on February 25, 2014 by zRants By Sydney Brownstone : fastcoexist \u2013 excerpt Why pay the full price to your destination on BART, when swapping tickets with a stranger mid-ride would save you both money? Perhaps because it sort of violates the social contract? When New Yorkers move to the Bay Area, they\u2019re often accused of personality crimes. Being haughty, cagey, and ragey-for-no-reason are just a few. I know this because I was one of them, and when I lived in Berkeley, there was one experience that drew out all of the stereotypes I had in me: Riding on Bay Area Rapid Transit, or BART. Twitter data scientist Asif Haque has had his BART frustrations, too. Thus, he decided to take a data-driven approach to see if its fares were \u201cfair\u201d or not. In the process, he also devised a system to help riders artificially lower the cost of riding on public transportation by switching cards with fellow passengers in mid-ride. For those unfamiliar, BART\u2019s swiping and pricing system works like this: A passenger puts money on a paper ticket or plastic Clipper card, swipes through a turnstile at the origin stop, then swipes through another turnstile at the destination. How much you\u2019re charged depends on where you eventually exit, and not necessarily how many stops you travel. (It\u2019s a mileage-based formula, plus certain taxes here and there.) Unlike New York City\u2019s subway system, BART does not charge a flat rate ($2.50) no matter where, or"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [0.10813706368207932, -0.0203615203499794, -0.0714736208319664, -0.013139821588993073, -0.09454052150249481], "y": [0.13068749010562897, -0.03813338652253151, -0.08255855739116669, -0.08098460733890533, 0.043140709400177], "mode": "markers", "name": "Centroids", "marker": {"size": 12, "symbol": "star", "color": "black"}, "text": ["Centroid 0", "Centroid 1", "Centroid 2", "Centroid 3", "Centroid 4"], "hoverinfo": "text"}], [{"x": [-0.011475925333797932, 0.0748850479722023, 0.14356446266174316, 0.11568690836429596, 0.2023429125547409, 0.09514573961496353, 0.11052514612674713, 0.06730758398771286, 0.192478209733963, 0.06724958121776581, 0.14196814596652985, 0.10940252244472504, 0.19648078083992004, 0.129049614071846, 0.12748190760612488, 0.14840473234653473, 0.10037574917078018, 0.16476896405220032, 0.11914857476949692, 0.14654666185379028], "y": [-0.12227438390254974, -0.13733042776584625, 0.01652674563229084, -0.1254083514213562, 0.15613216161727905, -0.12073072791099548, 0.09801279753446579, -0.17874367535114288, 0.10904442518949509, -0.09084292501211166, 0.09279165416955948, -0.007717407774180174, 0.043606504797935486, 0.054050758481025696, -0.09599792957305908, -0.06610163301229477, -0.056439392268657684, 0.06127486750483513, 0.08951643854379654, 0.03677305951714516], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster -1", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(255,237,111)"}, "text": ["Document 829", "Document 857", "Document 1010", "Document 1012", "Document 1020", "Document 1034", "Document 1035", "Document 1038", "Document 1041", "Document 1049", "Document 1050", "Document 1055", "Document 1062", "Document 1078", "Document 1109", "Document 1112", "Document 1118", "Document 1120", "Document 1135", "Document 1138"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 829", "text": "attending my party makes me a little proud of my best friend, especially since he went against his wifes wishes to protect me. Bros B4 Hos is what Danny said to me every time I would lament Nikki, back when we were both in the bad place\u2014before he had that second operation. In art therapy class, Danny even made me a little poster with the words written in stylish gold letters, which I hung on the wall space between my bed and my roommate Jackies\u2014back in the bad place\u2014but one of the evil nurses took Dannys artwork down when I was not in the room, a fact Jackie confirmed by blinking and banging his head against his shoulder. Even though I realize the phrase is sort of sexist (because men should not refer to women as hos), saying Bros B4 Hos in my mind now sort of makes me smile, especially since Ronnie is my best bro in New Jersey, now that Jake and Danny live in PA. Im sorry, Pat. Is that what you want to hear? Well, Ill say it again, Im really, really fucking sorry. Even though Tiffany uses the f-word, her voice sort of quivers like Moms when she says something she truly means, and it makes me think that Tiffany might actually start crying right here on the bridge. Im a screwed-up person who no longer knows how to communicate with the people I love. But I meant everything I told you in my letter. If I were your Nikki, I"}, {"title": "Document 857", "text": "say freeze when people were doing something, like, oh man, Im tired of holding on to this log, how far down the river will it go, and then youd go freeze! And then youd come up out of the audience and tap the person that you wanted to leave, and take their body position, and then say, whoof, Im a dog, or whatever, and then someone else says freeze and it keeps on going like that. I did it. I kept on saying freeze because I just wanted the attention. Because theres a black hole in my heart that needs to be filled. I didnt get enough love. My parents were loving, but it wasnt enough. For some reason, theres this gene in my DNA, that says I need more attention and love than most, so its that insecurity that drives me. Q. Was there a lot of musical improvisation and jamming while you were filming? Did they find it hard to drag you away, once you had started something, musically? A. No, well, I was never the task master who would say, stop goofing around you guys, and lets get back to serious work. I was always sort of goofing around with them, and then someone else would have to scold us. But did they ever have to force us to stop jamming? Yeah, a couple of times, but I dont really remember that being a problem, though. They told us to shut up a few times. Q. But did you bother with them? A."}, {"title": "Document 1010", "text": "find it interesting that she takes a stand in political and social issues since a few years. She portrays a woman who is in charge of her own destiny, who does her own thing, and she has girl power. I am very taken with that. Nevertheless, Adichie has been outspoken against critics who question the singers credentials as a feminist, and has said: Whoever says theyre feminist is bloody feminist. Connecting Cultures On 15 March 2012, Adichie delivered the Commonwealth Lecture 2012 at the Guildhall, London, addressing the theme Connecting Cultures and explaining: Realistic fiction is not merely the recording of the real, as it were, it is more than that, it seeks to infuse the real with meaning. As events unfold, we do not always know what they mean. But in telling the story of what happened, meaning emerges and we are able to make connections with emotive significance. Freedom of speech On 30 November 2022, Adichie delivered the first of the BBCs 2022 Reith Lectures inspired by Franklin D. Roosevelts Four Freedoms speech. Views Feminism In a 2014 interview, Adichie said on feminism and writing: I think of myself as a storyteller but I would not mind at all if someone were to think of me as a feminist writer ... Im very feminist in the way I look at the world, and that world view must somehow be part of my work. Religion Adichie is a Catholic and was raised Catholic as a child, though she considers her views, especially those on feminism,"}, {"title": "Document 1012", "text": "problems with depression after the positive test for cocaine. Furys mental health deteriorated after winning the world titles. On 4 October 2016, in an interview with Rolling Stone, Fury said Im going through a lot of personal demons, trying to shake them off, this has got nothing to do with my fighting \u2013 what Im going through right now is my personal life. Ive not been in a gym for months. Ive been going through depression. I just dont want to live anymore, if you know what Im saying. Ive had total enough of it. Never mind cocaine. I just didnt care. I dont want to live anymore. So cocaine is a little minor thing compared to not wanting to live anymore. I am seeing help, but they cant do nothing for me. What Ive got is incurable. I dont want to live. All the money in the world, fame and glory, means nothing if youre not happy. Im seeing psychiatrists. They say Ive got a version of bipolar. Im a manic depressive. I dont even want to wake up. I hope I die every day. And thats a bad thing to say when Ive got three children and a lovely wife isnt it? But I dont want to live anymore. And if I could take me own life \u2013 and I wasnt a Christian \u2013 Id take it in a second. I just hope someone kills me before I kill me self. Ill have to spend eternity in hell. I\u2019ve been out drinking, Monday to"}, {"title": "Document 1020", "text": "is that, very often, different stakeholders show different backgrounds and, most important, have different goals. Of course, this is not so easy to obtain when each organization is close-minded in the sense that it does not want to look at the whole picture, but is only focused on its own needs. Finally, it is very important that in order to be competitive on the market you cannot focus only on the cost but you have to focus on the quality of what you are going to put on the market. paragraph*{Difficulty in accountability/taking ownership for people} As already highlighted, DevOps adoption means automation but also collaboration between people. Obviously, collaboration implies that each party involved shall take the ownership for something inside the collaborative process but also for the relations it has with other actors. A ``silo mentality is what we actually have in different teams involved in the realization of the same software product. In other words, a team or department shares common tasks but derives their power and status from their group with no accountability about relations. ``I do my best in my tasks. Period. An example can be the one related to a ``Misunderstanding of requirements: when the developer appears to be responsible for a requirement not well-understood, she usually says ``the functional analyst gave me wrong information. And the analyst will blame someone else for something else. This is related to the fact that often companies or, maybe better, single managers act following a ``blame culture: if something goes wrong, the first"}, {"title": "Document 1034", "text": "Castors face escapes prison and wants to put back together his life. It is hard for Archer, who has to deal with the people that he fought so hard against. He begins to see that the other side is not so bad at heart, and softens up a bit.

John Travolta gives a solid performance as both Archer and Castor. But, it is really Nicolas Cage who carries the film. Cages performance as Castor is, to say the least, maniacal. When he switches over to portraying Archer, he completely changes his performance and calms everything down. Travolta, though solid, does not give that feeling, throughout the movie, that hes really someone else. His performance feels as if he were himself all the time. But there are times when Travolta just unleashes, and those are his stand out moments. The switching of faces also allows for both actors to poke fun at themselves, including Travolta, as Castor, saying to Pollox, This nose, this hair, this ridiculous chin!

Woo fills this film up with imagery that is very powerful. One that remains in my mind is that of Castor getting out of his car, and his coat blowing in the wind. Once you see it, youll be entranced by how powerful that one short sequence is. This imagery goes further into the action sequences. Woo uses quick cuts and odd camera angles to capture the action and the urgency. What Woo does not resort to, and what most new action directors over use, is the unnecessary camera jiggling"}, {"title": "Document 1035", "text": "Magic in real world. If we define magic as a set of laws parallel to the laws of physics that also affect our universe and that can be manipulated, it will not be impossible to find magic in the real world. The only exception is that it does not looks like what we would expect. Somehow I feel as everything people say about spirits, curses and spiritual experiences is only this, some strange system of laws that we can access with some behavior whose logic is hard to fully understand, so people call it all just by magic and dont think about it. But my intuition about this magic does not ends there. People have intuition and with this they know things that they should not know. I fell like there is a lot more things on it, things we do everyday: - A police officer can often tell if someone is a criminal or not, just by looking at them, how can they do that if they cant even explain it? - We can communicate with animals with bodylanguage even if we share no common ancestor for an eternity. - The same colors that mean danger to us also mean danger to animals. - Animals can detect earthquakes and run even if they never lived an earthquake before. - Sometimes we find out that we are having the exact same thought as other person even if we had no apparent reason to think about it. - Why all religions have entranced states? Why people with"}, {"title": "Document 1038", "text": "WWE Hall Of Famer Says Fans Will Still Bust His Chops If He Returns & Has A Phenomenal Match During a recent interview with Inside The Ropes, WWE Hall of Famer Shawn Michaels was asked if he would return to the ring for one more match. Below is what HBK said: \u201cLet\u2019s just say I did it and the match is phenomenal. The reality is this hairline is still what it is \u2014 like it\u2019s all hot and sweaty \u2014 and even if the match is phenomenal and everything else, you\u2019re still gonna bust my chops because I\u2019ve got no way not to expose to you that I\u2019m 53. That\u2019s the thing \u2014 and I don\u2019t mean it in a bad way \u2014 but you want me to kip up and everything look as if it was 1996, \u201997. That\u2019s not gonna happen because father time waits for no man. There\u2019s a lot of stuff like what do you do and even does the young guy benefit when all is said and done. I don\u2019t know, it just seems like more trouble than it\u2019s worth.\u201d"}, {"title": "Document 1041", "text": "personal and they know their addresses pronouns, {em e.g.}, ``textit{I would say my style of address to someone depends on my individual experiences with that person, rather than any potential stereotypes.} ($P${1}). They also stated that the inclusion of the gender role is usually intended, {em e.g.}, ``textit{I would be concerned. My sister does not necessarily fit stereotypes, and my birthday messages are pretty similar across gender. Adding gender-specific language would likely be different from my usual style} ($P${5}). change{Statistically, 90% users (18 out of 20) expressed that they would not be concerned about gender roles in their greeting card messages. } textbf{C3: Users would like to get some suggestions, but are against the system changing things for them.} change{Users do not want to be intervened with modifying their greeting messages.} For example, $P${4} responded to the second question, saying that ``textit{Id be careful about adding a feature that suggests an alternative message because sometimes the person for whom the greeting is meant does not follow traditional gender roles}. $P${3} and $P${16} further emphasized that they do not want to be criticized by the machine. However, they are not against the idea of getting suggestions in two aspects: (1) To diversify their message. $P${8} mentioned ``textit{Id love to get some new ideas on what I can include in a greeting message.}; and (2) to know what contributes to their manifested gender role, o that they can make informed decisions on what to keep or change their messages. subsection{Design Requirements} Based on Section~ref{section:pilot}, we find that users"}, {"title": "Document 1049", "text": "a sport and compared it to hunting and said that a similar reaction does not occur when other animals die. Roy Jones Jr., a prominent boxer, stated, really two dogs fighting can happen in anyones backyard or on the street. It happened in my backyard, two of my dogs fought and one died. Clinton Portis, a star running back on the Washington Redskins, stated, I dont know if he was fighting dogs or not, but its his property, its his dog. If thats what he wants to do, do it. I think people should mind their own business. Deion Sanders, a former star football and baseball player and current commentator for CBS Sports, stated, Why are we indicting him? Was he the ringleader? Is he the big fish? Or is there someone else? The fights allegedly occurred at a property that he purchased for a family member. They apparently found carcasses on the property, but I must ask you again, is he the ringleader? This situation reminds me of a scene in the movie New Jack City when drug dealer Nino Brown is on the witness stand and eloquently says, This thing is bigger than me. Are we using Vick to get to the ringleader? Are we using him to bring an end to dogfighting in the United States? The only thing I can gather from this situation is that were using Vick. Public comments about dogfighting, animal abuse During the furor arising around the Bad Newz Kennels investigation and prosecutions, even such diverse notables as"}, {"title": "Document 1050", "text": "can be called a respectable person: Zhong-ni said, The respectable person embodies the course of the Mean; the average person acts contrary to the course of the Mean. Self-watchfulness This guideline requires self-education, self-questioning and self-discipline during the process of self-cultivation. This principle was exposited in the first chapter of Doctrine of the Mean: The respectable person does not wait till he sees things to be cautious, nor till he hears things to be apprehensive. There is nothing more visible than what is secret, and nothing more manifest than what is minute. Therefore the superior person is watchful over himself, when he is alone. Leniency This guideline requires understanding, concern and tolerance towards one another. Leniency was exposited in the 13th chapter: When one cultivates to the utmost the principles of his nature, and exercises them on the principle of reciprocity, he is not far from the path. What you do not like when done to yourself, do not do to others. In this chapter, Confucius explained this guideline with four examples: to serve my father, as I would require my son to serve me, to serve my prince as I would require my minister to serve me, to serve my elder brother as I would require my younger brother to serve me, to set the example in behaving to a friend, as I would require him to behave to me. Sincerity Sincerity contributes to a close connection between Heaven and human. This guideline was exposited in the 23rd chapter: It is only he who"}, {"title": "Document 1055", "text": "6 September. She made her first on screen appearance as Jade in December 2010. During an interview published the Neighbours official website, Pranita revealed that she had found the filming schedule was quite full-on and that she was still getting used to the early starts. Development Characterisation Jade has been described as being vivacious, confident and beautiful by a writer for the official Neighbours website. She has a flirtatious side and a fighting spirit, which means nothing will stand in her way. Jackie Brygel, writing for TV Week, said Jade clearly isnt backward in coming forward when it comes to getting what she wants in life. Pranita told Brygel that Jade is a feminist and a bit of a man eater. The actress believed that she was not that similar to her character, saying She is very opinionated which I can be, but I dont think Im brash with my ideas or assert my ideas on to people which she does. Pranita also said Jade is anti-relationships and more interested in having fun, whereas she has been in a relationship for five years. However, when she was asked about what she would like to see in Jades future, Pranita said she wanted her to meet a love interest who really challenges her and breaks her down a bit, because shes a little bit of a martyr. Jade is a personal trainer and a fitness freak. Pranita took up exercise during her research for the role, something she had not done before, and commented that she had"}, {"title": "Document 1062", "text": "just called them out of the blue without scheduling a call. So, that was the toughest thing of living alone. However, for participant 13, living with someone had helped them feel like they reacted better to the shelter at home orders, Maybe, thats why Im reacting better because I have people around me to talk to but, if I did not, that it would have been really, really difficult\u2026 Obviously, there were challenges as well, but I think I handled these better than expected \u2026 (P13). Most participants faced difficulties and challenges with their living situation due to the pandemic. As participant 6 stated, I think everyones mental health kind of took a little hit during this time \u2026 And I think for us [PhGS], like, kind of worrying about what does this mean for my research? What does this mean for my thesis or dissertation? I think just having increased anxiety\u2026 The second sub-dimension of the social dimension is relationships. Relationships of PhGS, be it professional or social, were also hampered due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This can be seen in a quote from participant 8, Id say the social support system has gotten very small just because you cant physically be there for each other. Its only so many times you can facetime. PhGS professional relationships were also affected. With classes and communication with faculty being shifted to online platforms, PhGS relationships with their faculty advisor/ mentor were also impacted. As participant 4 said, My advisor is super busy usually, and at least when"}, {"title": "Document 1078", "text": "Pushkin and Istomina: Ballet in Nineteenth-Century Russia Where is the point from which we say \u201cI see\u201d? We begin with our eyes (\u201call eyes,\u201d we say), and we watch. We become spectators, those who watch, and who are defined by that act alone. The act is old, but each perception is new, and each is individual: \u201cI see,\u201d I say, not someone else. Do others see indeed? What do they see? Turn to your left, to your right; enquire, and arguments abound. Believe your eyes, we say: I do, of course, but do I believe yours? Theres the rub \u2014 and I rub my eyes; the problem vexes. No spectacle provides its spectators with an identical experience. I close my eyes; the spectacle dissolves, yet a vision persists: persistence of vision, we say. Yet how can I see what someone else has seen, if the eyes that saw are gone, if the spectacle they saw is gone? Your eyes, his eyes, those eyes long dead and gone \u2014 can I believe them? How does the vision persist?"}, {"title": "Document 1109", "text": "we should teach our kids to declare \u201cWakanda Forever.\u201d We need to start telling ourselves and our kids another story. Let us not flee from Jesus - let us take our stand with the Prince of Peace.

You may disagree with me, but how can I think anything different when this is what our King told us: \u201cHere\u2019s another old saying that deserves a second look: \u2018Eye for eye, tooth for tooth.\u2019 Is that going to get us anywhere? Here\u2019s what I propose: \u2018Don\u2019t hit back at all.\u2019 If someone strikes you, stand there and take it. If someone drags you into court and sues for the shirt off your back, giftwrap your best coat and make a present of it. And if someone takes unfair advantage of you, use the occasion to practice the servant life. No more tit-for-tat stuff. Live generously.

\u201cYou\u2019re familiar with the old written law, \u2018Love your friend,\u2019 and its unwritten companion, \u2018Hate your enemy.\u2019 I\u2019m challenging that. I\u2019m telling you to love your enemies. Let them bring out the best in you, not the worst. When someone gives you a hard time, respond with the energies of prayer, for then you are working out of your true selves, your God-created selves. This is what God does. He gives his best\u2014the sun to warm and the rain to nourish\u2014to everyone, regardless: the good and bad, the nice and nasty. If all you do is love the lovable, do you expect a bonus? Anybody can do that. If you simply say hello"}, {"title": "Document 1112", "text": "elsewhere, and shes a total lioness when it comes to protecting and defending her children. Which means that she is more often than not, fighting some kind of battle on someones behalf and forgetting to worry about herself. The Coopers In August 2010, it was announced that the rest of the Cooper family would be arriving on screen beside Wendy. Nairn was pleased with the family unit, saying; Wendys storylines have mainly been based around what goes on at work, so Im really looking forward to exploring another aspect of her life. Im also intrigued about how the Coopers will weave themselves into Ferndale and Shortland Street hospital. Nairn also enjoyed working with the actors, stating; The actors who are playing my children are awesome. We are having a lot of fun connecting and I think viewers are really going to enjoy learning about the Coopers over the next little while. On describing the dynamics of the family, she thought they were a close knit family unit, stating; My kids are just fantastic. They are wonderful young actors and we are having the best time creating the Cooper family. The Coopers are an incredibly close family. Wendy wants to have an open, honest relationship with her children, so they feel they can tell her everything, but as anyone with teenagers will know, parents can never know everything! After producers saw an article on the high rate of infidelity and divorce in New Zealand and realised that a majority of the collapsed couples were seemingly happy, they"}, {"title": "Document 1118", "text": "joy and unspeakable pleasure at being alive. In The Impossible Planet (2006), the Doctor and Rose share an awkward moment when they have to consider settling down in one time period and Rose suggests they do so together. She later plants a kiss for good luck on the Doctors spacesuit prior to his descent into the pit. In The Satan Pit the Doctor, fearing for his life, tells someone If you see Rose, tell her... tell her... oh, she knows. In Doomsday, when the Doctor says his goodbye to Rose, she finally tells him that she loves him. He begins to reply, but the message is cut off, and he is unable to reciprocate; in the episodes audio commentary, executive producer Julie Gardner had stated that he absolutely was going to say it... he was going to tell her he loved her. Executive producer Russell T Davies states in Doctor Who Confidential that the reunion between the Doctor and Rose in the 2008 episode The Stolen Earth is a parody of romantic film conventions because the heightened emotional content is abruptly interrupted by the Doctor being shot by a Dalek. In the next episode, Journeys End, Rose challenges the Doctor to say what he did not get to say before, to which he replies, Does it need saying? His half-human duplicate, however, does whisper it into Roses ear, and the two of them kiss; Rose gets an emphatically romantic resolution to her romance storyline, as the duplicate Doctor and Rose continue to live together on a"}, {"title": "Document 1120", "text": "origin: http://pseudoweb.net/2013/03/04/who-is-your-user/ layout: post title: Who is your user? location: San Francisco, CA time: 17:22:59 published: true --- [David Horn](https://twitter.com/Madrox) poised a great question to me the other day: Who is your user? This sounds kind of cheesy at first, and is usually posed to companies, not individuals, but it is something to think about. As a creator, who are you creating for? Who do you want to help with your work? What group of individuals in your life are the most important to you? Which users do you think about when you are making you choices? First off, before we dive in, lets remember that the answer It depends is incorrect. While your day job might not be about helping those most important to you, you still probably know who that most important group is. Also, just because you change who you design for for every project, does not necessarily mean you dont have one overall group you are aiming for. All of that being said, the easiest answer is definitely Myself. When thinking about problems, most people tend to think about problems that affect themselves. This is probably why there are so many curation and offer sites. Someone said man, my life would be so much easier if someone just told me where to eat or jeeze, why cant I have others tell me when this is on sale or even gosh, wouldnt it be cool if it was easy to sell my old stereo? This probably also explains why there are so many"}, {"title": "Document 1135", "text": "title: Statistics Can Do Anything? layout: post comments: true categories: - Statistics - Blag --- Sometimes people are fond of saying:

Well, you know, the thing with statistics is that you can get the statistics to say whatever you want.

I think that this is the equivalent of saying:

...What I am saying is true because of my argument.

You can say that anything is true, but what really matters is the strength of your argument. And statistics... The same goes for statistics, you could perform a variety of tests to support a particular point. However, your argument depends on the suitability of your statistical test for what you are trying to prove or demonstrate. Statistics are used to articulate a particular point. The author has the responsibility of ensuring they are correctly using a statistic to prove this point. The reader also has a responsibility to evaluate their use of tools to construct and support their argument. So yes, statistics could be used to support the argument

Johnny steals tim tams from Nick, as he has done this a statistically significant number of times.

Upon reading this, one should be very keen to investigate the ways in which the statistics were used, and ask questions like: > What data was it? Observation? Who observed it? How did they observe it? > What sort of anaysis was used? Why? > Were any data transformations used? Why? And so on. So when someone says that statistics can be used to prove anything, I like to replace this"}, {"title": "Document 1138", "text": "# Frequently Asked Questions ## Most Important! - [How to ask and get your question answered - A MUST READ!](#q-how-to-ask-and-get-your-question-answered-a-must-read) ## Computer and Environment Setup - [What is a terminal and how do I open it?](#q-what-is-a-terminal-and-how-do-i-open-it) - [What is a command prompt?](#q-what-is-a-command-prompt) - [Why does `ls` not work in the terminal?](#q-why-does-ls-not-work-in-the-terminal) - [What is meant by a \u2018path\u2019?](#q-what-is-meant-by-a-path) - [The terminal is saying that it cannot find the path I supplied, what is going on?](#q-the-terminal-is-saying-that-it-cannot-find-the-path-i-supplied-what-is-going-on) - [I followed the instructions to setup my computer as presented in the video, but I am still having problems. What could be wrong?](#q-i-followed-the-instructions-to-setup-my-computer-as-presented-in-the-video-but-i-am-still-having-problems--what-could-be-wrong) ## Sublime Text, browser-sync, and Other Course Tools - [I am unable to install browser-sync](#q-i-am-unable-to-install-browser-sync) - [How do I use the Sublime Text HTML shortcuts demonstrated in the lecture videos?](#q-how-do-i-use-the-sublime-text-html-shortcuts-demonstrated-in-the-lecture-videos) - [Sublime text is not auto-completing after I hit `ctrl+space`](#q-sublime-text-is-not-auto-completing-after-i-press-ctrlspace) - [How do I edit multiple lines at the same time in Sublime Text?](#q-how-do-i-edit-multiple-lines-at-the-same-time-in-sublime-text) - [What Sublime Text packages or extensions or plugins does Yaakov use in the Lecture videos?](#q-what-sublime-text-packages-or-extensions-or-plugins-does-yaakov-use-in-the-lecture-videos) - [I\u2019m making changes to my CSS and JavaScript and also running browser-sync, why aren\u2019t my changes showing up in the browser?](#q-im-making-changes-to-my-css-and-javascript-and-also-running-browser-sync-why-arent-my-changes-showing-up-in-the-browser) ## Git - [I am unable to clone the github repo or upload my assignment](#q-i-am-unable-to-clone-the-github-repo-or-upload-my-assignment) - [While typing in my password during an attempt to push files to GitHub, nothing is showing up while I type. What is going on?](#q-while-typing-in-my-password-during-an-attempt-to-push-files-to-github-nothing-is-showing-up-while-i-type--what-is-going-on) - [Why am I seeing \u201cPlease tell me who you are\u201d when trying to commit to git?](#q-why-am-i-seeing-please-tell-me-who-you-are-when-trying-to-commit-to-git) - [Where is the link to clone the"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [-0.14330507814884186, -0.14756783843040466, -0.0900224894285202, -0.18590405583381653, -0.07997599989175797, -0.13972172141075134, -0.11787469685077667, -0.1669202297925949, -0.12101654708385468, -0.12511420249938965, -0.12511420249938965, -0.12201488763093948, -0.1258758008480072, -0.06728623062372208, 0.013333313167095184, -0.11450784653425217, -0.12317158281803131, 0.021218497306108475, -0.1102951392531395, -0.15349335968494415], "y": [-0.000715950271114707, 0.0740465521812439, -0.02645738795399666, 0.035483092069625854, 0.04756825789809227, 0.06451370567083359, 0.0378476120531559, 0.04819876328110695, 0.02990603633224964, 0.032971613109111786, 0.032971613109111786, 0.016765745356678963, 0.03960873931646347, 0.036385465413331985, -0.09712535887956619, 0.07053915411233902, 0.06115976721048355, -0.09479184448719025, 0.05968676880002022, -0.009214967489242554], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 0", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(141,211,199)"}, "text": ["Document 2", "Document 5", "Document 8", "Document 9", "Document 11", "Document 12", "Document 15", "Document 17", "Document 18", "Document 21", "Document 22", "Document 29", "Document 30", "Document 31", "Document 33", "Document 35", "Document 38", "Document 39", "Document 43", "Document 44"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 2", "text": "Last edited on Sep 28 2004. Submitted by Rodney from Long Beach, CA, USA on Sep 28 2004. Often said to a child when theyve done something wrong or bad. Ok, Buster! Youre grounded for a week! Last edited on Jul 28 2010. Submitted by Anonymous from Okotoks, AB, Canada on Feb 09 2009. A male who puts his selfish desires ahead of family and friends. With harmful, hurtful, and or injurious results. That dude is a buster, he just spent $400. on a new suit while his wife and kids dont even have food on the table to eat. Last edited on May 06 2011. Submitted by Anonymous on Jul 28 2010. A guy who will fight a woman, but will coward and use every trick in the book, to not fight another guy. He is a buster, always slapping around his own woman, while the guys on the corner will clown him left and right, and he never even considers touching them. Last edited on Nov 16 2011. Submitted by Anonymous on Jul 28 2010. Busta. Concatenation of bust a. As in to bust ones head in. To collapse someones skull, such as with a weapon, especially with a fist. Heard in rap music. cool (ones) boots to calm down from anger. Put him in lockup so he can cool his boots. acronym for cash rules everything around me. From a track of the same title on Wu-Tang Clans debut album Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers). You know why Im slanging. CREAM, man. See"}, {"title": "Document 5", "text": "\u201cburst\u201d won\u2019t work, and \u201cbusted\u201d is more colorful than \u201cdemoted.\u201d Definition 4: \u201cto tame.\u201d This also has history on its side in \u201cbroncobusting.\u201d It can\u2019t be \u201cbroncobursting,\u201d because that would be literally breaking the horse \u2014 into pieces. And when you suspect your house is haunted, who you gonna call? Surely not the \u201cGhostbursters.\u201d Definition 5: \u201cto hit.\u201d This is the other one that really doesn\u2019t work for me, although it\u2019s becoming increasingly common, as in \u201cShe busted him in the face.\u201d Not only does this have a slangy feel, but it\u2019s too general. Did she punch him or slap him? Or smash him with a shovel? Definitions 6 and 7: \u201cto arrest\u201d and \u201cto make a raid on.\u201d These uses of \u201cbust\u201d are fairly common in the world of law and order: \u201cThey were busted for drug use.\u201d \u201cIt\u2019s the third time the bar has been busted.\u201d This sense has gained even wider application for being caught doing something you shouldn\u2019t, even if it isn\u2019t illegal. The other noun \u201cbust\u201d is \u201ca piece of sculpture representing the head, shoulders and upper chest of a human body.\u201d It also can mean \u201cthe human bosom,\u201d especially in reference to women, but for that I recommend hands off. In the Sherlock Holmes story \u201cThe Adventure of the Six Napoleons,\u201d the title refers to plaster busts of the French emperor that are being broken by the villain at the crime scenes. I wouldn\u2019t say the busts were being busted, but the person who was breaking them got busted. Barry"}, {"title": "Document 8", "text": "had one) were prone to massive flooding, washing out dead dogs and cats that had fallen in. This would leave some to believe that dead animals were literally falling from the sky. Why the sight of a dead animal on the ground would cause anyone to assume it fell from the heavens, as opposed to just falling over dead the normal way, is anyone\u2019s guess. Others claim it goes all the way back to Norse mythology (the storm god Odin had two hounds). Still others say it has to do with the freak occurrence of frogs or fish falling from the sky (after being swept up by storms and flung miles away) and that the saying \u201cit\u2019s raining cats and dogs\u201d is just a way to say it\u2019s raining even harder than the time it rained fish. Still it seems like a catchier idiom would have been, \u201cIt\u2019s raining bears!\u201d or \u201cIt\u2019s raining human babies! Quick, catch the babies!\u201d followed by frenetic screaming. Anyway, there\u2019s no hard and fast proof for any of them so take your pick. Article Info\u2026\u2026.www.cracked.com Pictures from\u2026..attackofthecute.com Posted in Articles, Jokes and Funnies | Tagged and, cats, Common, Dogs, Raining, Sayings | Leave a Reply Bust Your Chops \u2013 Common Phrases To give someone a hard time. As in, \u201cYes, I\u2019m late and I\u2019m not wearing pants. Don\u2019t bust my chops.\u201d There was once a time in the world when it was considered cool to sport a long, ridiculous pair of mutton chop side burns. From America to England, Russia to"}, {"title": "Document 9", "text": "honor.I tried hustling the money, but I got stiffed. In this case, \u201cto hustle\u201d is to get the money by beating people at a game of pool (billiards). \u201cTo get stiffed\u201d is to not get paid money that people owe you.How about if I just kick your ass? A very common (but crude) way to say \u201cbeat you up.\u201dOh, a counter-offer! A legal term meaning \u201can offer in reaction to an offer\u201d (used often when people are negotiating).Over my dead body! A colloquial and dramatic way to say \u201cNo!\u201d when someone demands something you don\u2019t want to do.What if I were to kick the shit out of you? To kick the shit out of a person is to physically attack or harm them.In your dreams! A good colloquial expression which is basically a way to say You\u2019re not being realistic.\u201dWhat happened? Rear ended? If your car is \u201crear-ended,\u201d it is hit in the back (or rear) by another car.He blew the arraignment! \u201cTo blow\u201d something is a common verb meaning to do it badly, or to screw it up. \u201cI blew it,\u201d is, sadly, a common expression. Gambinis: They live to argue! \u201cTo live to\u201d do something is a colloquial way to say one loves it.I twisted it just right. \u201cTo twist\u201d something is to turn it.This faucet requires 16 foot pounds of torque. Unimportant words, unless you\u2019re an engineer! (Torque is force).A craftsmen torque wrench, used by NASA engineers. More unimportant words describing a type of tool (a wrench), but you should know that NASA"}, {"title": "Document 11", "text": "Enter at your own risk. Beware of the price. Unwrap your gifts. Get straight to the point. To cut right to the chase, a person needs to stop meandering and talking endlessly without reaching any point or conclusion. This common phrase suggests that the speaker should just get straight to the point of what theyre trying to say. When they say keep your chin up, what do they mean? Dont be egotistical. You stink. Be cheerful and stay positive. Leave others alone. If someone tells you to keep your chin up, its meant to be a cheerful and positive encouragement. This is usually uttered whenever someone looks downtrodden, sad or defeated, like their head is always bowed down in shame. So keeping the chin up means overcoming that negative feeling. A person born with a silver spoon in their mouth signifies what kind of status? Being a glutton Being a beggar Being a spoiled brat Being rich To be born with a silver spoon in your mouth means that you come from a very rich and affluent family background. It probably alludes to the fact that expensive cutlery is used by upperclass people, and perhaps they were made of expensive silver back in the day. Someone whos barking at the wrong tree is doing what? Doing some illegal logging Putting dogs to sleep Making a misguided decision Carrying someone elses bag For someone to be barking at the wrong tree means they are being hugely mistaken about something yet they still go on with the wrong"}, {"title": "Document 12", "text": "already put up money. e.g., Leggett. you need to put up your money for this pizza. No way. I already blount. Its Josh who needs to ante up. submitted by Leggett blousefarten - Volunteering, helping, or teaching little children. e.g., Since I refused to take swimming lessons, my father told me I had to do something productive, like blousefarten. submitted by Emily Elizabeth bloviator - Puffing with hot air but saying nothing. e.g., Obamas speeches about change and saving the world make him a bloviator. submitted by Jeff - (www) blow chunks - To throw up. | Blowing chunks: throwing up, puking, up-chucking. (ED. Possibly, as the second example suggests, deserves to be horsewhipped. Maybe just sucks.) e.g., Chris did it again. Drank too much and blew chunks all over the floor last night. | 8 The fact that this soldier did not just kick the crap out of this little douche is more proof to me that all of the MSM blows chunks for every slander they have thrown at our [m]ilitary for decades now. They can all kiss it high and deep. This particular one can eat my toe fungus. submitted by tim dunk | Rachel blow out - Being so tired (due to stress, fatique, a broken heart, etc.) that one cannot even be grammatically correct. Therefore, instead of being blown out, one is simply blow out. Makes more sense in a way, seeing as how stating it most of the time indicates that one is still in that state. e.g., I am"}, {"title": "Document 15", "text": "You\u2019re adult. But in my fucking cab, don\u2019t go busting heads. \u201cConsenting adult\u201d is a legal expression that refers to a person who is agreeing to a certain behavior (such as sex), and is legally old enough to make that decision. To \u201cbust heads\u201d is a very slangy way of saying to physically hurt or attack people.In California, when two fags split up, one\u2019s got to pay the other alimony. If two people \u201csplit up,\u201d they end an official relationship. Note that married couples split up, as do rock\u2019n\u2019roll groups! \u201cAlimony\u201d is the money that a man is sometimes told that he must pay his wife each month after they divorce, in order to give her a chance to become financially stable.I saw a cop chasing this guy. He was on crutches. Two long sticks with a section that fits under one\u2019s arm. They help people who have difficulty walking, perhaps because they broke a leg.The cop? No, the dude he was chasing. A slangy and overused word for guy or fellow. Got that five you owe me? The man is loaded. In this context, if a person is \u201cloaded,\u201d he has lots of money.How\u2019s the action around here? \u2014 Pretty slow. A very general word that in this case refers to business conditions, or more specifically here, the number of passengers who want taxis.I figure you\u2019ve been around a lot. \u2014 Shoot, that\u2019s why they call me the Wizard. \u201cTo figure\u201d means to think or believe. If a person has \u201cbeen around a lot,\u201d they"}, {"title": "Document 17", "text": "glasses], bottoms up. Break a leg Do well at a performance or on stage Bred in the bone An expression describing something firmly established or deep-rooted, similar to died in the wool Whats bred in the bone is sure to come out in the flesh. Bright-eyed and bushy-tailed An expression meaning alert and ready to go! An expression meaning to intimidate someone into doing something, usually with stern or abusive words The captain browbeat the soldiers to climb the last ridge before the sun went down, there was no rest for anyone. Brown-nose, ass-kisser, kiss-ass Someone who sucks up to you to gain your favor. This is done by doing something for you for no apparent reason, laughing even if something wasnt funny, agreeing to everything you say Bull in a china shop Someone who is very careless in the way they move or behave An expression describing a woman who is pregnant With that little tummy bump, I knew she had a bun in the oven. Burning a candle from both ends Working so hard that you will wear yourself (or extinguish) your energy To do something that damages a relationship going forward Make sure you give two weeks notice so you remain on good terms with the boss in case you need a reference. You dont want to burn bridges. Bursting at the seams An expression used to describe something full or overflowing, also when someone is overwhelmed with emotion Hes just bursting at the seams, cant wait to tell Victoria how he really"}, {"title": "Document 18", "text": "common sign found on buses was, **If the vans rockin, dont come knockin.** **bush** pubic hair. Most often related to a womans anatomy. **business** used in the **counterculture** to mean anything to do with selling or negotiating for **dope**. Example: I got to go down the street and do some business . **business** deception or **flim-flam**. Example: He gave me the business and got all my money. **businessmans special** a street name for **DMT** , a short-acting hallucinogen. Called this because theoretically, a businessman can use it for a short period during the day and return to work. **busing** the effort to redistribute the ethnic balance within schools by transporting Blacks out of ghettos into White schools and Whites into Black ghetto schools. This was done in an effort to improve the quality of education and teach ethnic diversity and communication between the races. It was an experiment that had a great deal of opposition in both ethnic cultures, and, in the long run, it caused a great deal of violence with the value of its effectiveness still in question. (See: **Civil Rights Events, Demonstrations, and Legislation** in **Lists** at the back of this book) **bust** to arrest. To catch someone in an embarrassing or compromising situation. **bust chops** or **bust my chops** to bother or pressure someone. From **jazz** language in which **chops** are musical notes played on an instrument (or **ax** ), and busting is interrupting the music. ***busted** arrested, caught. **2**. broke, without money. **bust my hump** or **bust (ones) hump** to work hard,"}, {"title": "Document 21", "text": "mud to cool off! Well actually, the phrase is quite accurate, it just refers to a different type of pig. During the smelting process, pig iron is produced from ore. When the metal begins to form droplets of condensation it\u2019s deemed cool enough to be handled, meaning when it \u201csweats\u201d it\u2019s safe to move. So, if you\u2019re \u201csweating like a pig,\u201d you\u2019ve actually produced enough sweat to cool freshly produced iron! Bust Your Chops If someone is really nagging you, you may say \u201ccome on, why are you busting my chops?\u201d But if they were really doing that, they\u2019d be punching you in the side of your face \u2013 right where fashionable men sported mutton chops when the phrase originated. Give the Cold Shoulder Giving the cold shoulder generally means to ignore someone or brush them off. However, like many of the above examples, it\u2019s more literal than that. Its meaning goes back centuries (appearing in Sir Walter Scott\u2019s \u201cThe Antiquary\u201d in 1816) and refers to what you give house guests you don\u2019t really like. Valued visitors would receive a hot meal, while the less-welcome would receive nothing but a cold shoulder of mutton. More: Confusing Words If it\u2019s not a saying that\u2019s tripping you up but an individual word, check out our Writing Wednesday posts on the most commonly confused and misused words. About Paperblanks: 25 years ago, we created Paperblanks to help keep book heritage alive and vital in our modern age, and to offer an inspiring space for people to express themselves. Thanks"}, {"title": "Document 22", "text": "mud to cool off! Well actually, the phrase is quite accurate, it just refers to a different type of pig. During the smelting process, pig iron is produced from ore. When the metal begins to form droplets of condensation it\u2019s deemed cool enough to be handled, meaning when it \u201csweats\u201d it\u2019s safe to move. So, if you\u2019re \u201csweating like a pig,\u201d you\u2019ve actually produced enough sweat to cool freshly produced iron! Bust Your Chops If someone is really nagging you, you may say \u201ccome on, why are you busting my chops?\u201d But if they were really doing that, they\u2019d be punching you in the side of your face \u2013 right where fashionable men sported mutton chops when the phrase originated. Give the Cold Shoulder Giving the cold shoulder generally means to ignore someone or brush them off. However, like many of the above examples, it\u2019s more literal than that. Its meaning goes back centuries (appearing in Sir Walter Scott\u2019s \u201cThe Antiquary\u201d in 1816) and refers to what you give house guests you don\u2019t really like. Valued visitors would receive a hot meal, while the less-welcome would receive nothing but a cold shoulder of mutton. More: Confusing Words If it\u2019s not a saying that\u2019s tripping you up but an individual word, check out our Writing Wednesday posts on the most commonly confused and misused words. About Paperblanks: 25 years ago, we created Paperblanks to help keep book heritage alive and vital in our modern age, and to offer an inspiring space for people to express themselves. Thanks"}, {"title": "Document 29", "text": "to give [someone] stick? When something is described as a banana skin, what does that mean? If a Brit tells you that you look like you have been in the wars, what do you look like? Life is not all beer and skittles. What does this phrase say about life? What does it mean if someone is as bent as a nine-bob note? If a Brit breaks their duck, what are they doing? A champagne socialist is a wealthy person who has what sort of views? What does it mean to play a blinder? If your new coat cost a bomb, what does that say about it? When someone describes something as being the bees knees, what are they saying about it? How do the British use the word bloody?"}, {"title": "Document 30", "text": "bit my head off for not doing my share of the work! Blow a fuseIf you blow a fuse, you suddenly lose your temper and become very angry. Charlie blew a fuse yesterday when he discovered that his ipod had been stolen.Blow your topIf you blow your top, you suddenly become very angry.When my mother saw the state of the apartment after the party, she blew her top! Have a bone to pick with someoneTo say that you have a bone to pick with somebody means that you are annoyed with them and want to talk to them about it. In somebodys good/bad booksIf you are in somebodys good or bad books, you have their approval or disapproval.Im in my wifes bad books at the moment because I forgot our wedding anniversary! Cheesed offIf someone is cheesed off with something, they are annoyed, bored or frustrated. Julie is absolutely cheesed off with her job. For crying out loudThis expression is used to show irritation, exasperation or anger. For crying out loud! Turn that television off! Cut no ice (with somebody)If something cuts no ice, it has no effect or makes no impression on someone. Her explanation cut no ice with the teacher who said he would tolerate no more unjustified absences. Cut it out!If you say cut it out to someone, you are telling them to stop doing something. Ive had enough of your insinuations, so just cut it out! Drive up the wallIf somebody or something drives you up the wall, they do something that"}, {"title": "Document 31", "text": "the lips and tongue are applied to the mouthpiece. The OED\u2019s earliest example is from the August 1937 issue of the jazz magazine Tempo: \u201cSurely his chops can\u2019t be beat already.\u201d A few decades later, \u201cchops\u201d came to mean a jazz musician\u2019s skills: \u201cMaybe you could get your chops together on this horn\u201d (from Black Voices: An Anthology of Afro-American Literature, 1968, edited by Abraham Chapman). And by the late 20th century, according to OED citations, the word meant talent or skill in any field: \u201cMost academic writers just don\u2019t have the chops to make riveting reading out of the quiltwork of 19th-century farm wives\u201d (from the Boston Phoenix, April 27, 1990). Over the years, \u201cchops\u201d has had several other colloquial senses, especially in American slang, including \u201cto bust someone\u2019s chops\u201d (to harass a person, 1953) and \u201cto bust one\u2019s own chops\u201d (to exert oneself to the utmost, 1966). The dates are for the first OED citations."}, {"title": "Document 33", "text": "knows what to do: bust em! Something strange better not settle down in your neighborhood!"}, {"title": "Document 35", "text": "What Does Bust A Bronco Mean? Home \u00bb Phrase and Idiom Dictionary \u00bb What Does Bust A Bronco Mean? Bust a Bronco Meaning Definition: To tame a wild horse; to train a wild horse to be ridden. Origin of Bust a Bronco This expression first appeared in the late 1800s and comes from the American frontier. Bust comes from burst, which is a synonym for break. Breaking horses is another expression with the same meaning. Cowboys or other people living in the country would use this expression when training horses. They likely used this expression because training horses traditionally has involved breaking their spirit by trying to dominate them. If the horse fears humans, it will be more likely to allow them to ride it. Examples of Bust a Bronco In this example, two sisters talk about their upcoming vacation to a ranch in Colorado. Amy: I can\u2019t believe our parents are making us go to this ranch. Kimberly: Really? I\u2019m super excited for it! Amy: No way. You mean you want to throw lassos and bust a bronco? Kimberly: No, but I do want to ride some horses and experience the great outdoors! Try to be more open-minded. You might like it. Amy: I\u2019m just not a fan of the Wild West. Kimberly: Well, it\u2019s not that wild these days. In the second example, two friends are discussing a third friend. Keira: Hey! What do you know about Ben? Rory: Not much. I think he used to be a horse trainer. Keira: So he busts"}, {"title": "Document 38", "text": "1. tv. to cause lovers to separate; to break up a pair of lovers, including married persons. (Bust is a nonstandard form of burst meaning \u201cbreak (apart)\u201d here.) Mary busted up Terri and John. 2. tv. to beat someone up; to batter someone. You want me to bust you up?"}, {"title": "Document 39", "text": "busted\u2026 but by who?"}, {"title": "Document 43", "text": "Sl to expel or force someone to withdraw from school. (Bust is a nonstandard form of burst meaning break here.) The clean finally busted Bill out of school. The clean busted out the students with very low grades. in. to break out of some place, especially a prison. (Bust is a nonstandard form of burst meaning \u201cbreak\u201d here.) Somehow the gangsters busted out of prison and left the country. Well, when it come to that it worked the crowd like you never see anything like it, and everybody broke down and went to sobbing right out loud -- the poor girls, too; and every woman, nearly, went up to the girls, without saying a word, and kissed them, solemn, on the forehead, and then put their hand on their head, and looked up towards the sky, with the tears running down, and then busted out and went off sobbing and swabbing, and give the next woman a show. Freshman Jack Marder busted out of a slump in dramatic fashion, belting a three-run home run with two outs in the top of the ninth inning to complete Oregons 9-8 comeback victory over Arizona in their Pac-10 baseball series finale Sunday afternoon. Perpetrators would find dormant companies with early establishment dates in the D&B database and then assume their identities and do a lot of buying before they busted out, he explains."}, {"title": "Document 44", "text": "drops of liquid that are blown in a certain direction.Get this! In the middle of the Tribough Bridge she changes her pantyhose. \u201cGet this\u201d is a common way of telling someone else that you are about to say something incredible or very interesting. \u201cPantyhose\u201d are the nylon coverings that women wear on their legs.I jump in the back seat and I whip it out, and I said \u201cYou know what this is?\u201d In this context, \u201cto whip it out\u201d is the Wizard\u2019s way of saying that he quickly took his penis out from inside his pants.I went and fucked her brains out. She goes wild. \u201cTo fuck a person\u2019s brains out\u201d is a vulgar way of saying to have very passionate (or at least animated) sex with them. In this context, if a person \u201cgoes wild,\u201d they yell and scream and have a grand old time. We call him Doughboy because he\u2019ll do anything for a buck. \u201cDough\u201d is a somewhat dated slang word for money, and \u201cbuck\u201d is still a very common way of saying dollar.So, how\u2019s it hangin? This is slangy and no longer used. \u201cHow\u2019s it going?\u201d is still current.I heard on the radio some fleet driver from Bell just got all cut up. \u2014 Stick-up? A \u201cfleet\u201d of cars is a group of cars that are all associated with the same business,such as a taxi company. In this case, to be \u201ccut up\u201d is to be injured after being attacked with knives. A \u201cstick-up\u201d is a robbery that is almost always done"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [-0.06553423404693604, -0.06553423404693604], "y": [-0.01576058194041252, -0.01576058194041252], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 1", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(255,255,179)"}, "text": ["Document 425", "Document 695"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 425", "text": "Q: Does break your head really mean literally breaking ones head? I was reading Tom Browns School Days, and I came across the part where they were describing a sport called backswording, in which the competitors will have their left hand tied to their leg/back, and they will be armed with a stick with their right arm. The aim of the game, is to break the head of your opponent, who is also tied up and armed in like manner. I am not sure how much damage is being done, when someone breaks his opponents head. Does he really crack his skull and break his head? or does he just break the skin of his head? In both cases, blood must flow, that I know, and the loser of the game is when any amount of blood, no matter how little, flows down his forehead, or anywhere above his eyebrows, and is seen. So, going back to my question, what exactly does break ones head mean? A: When I was young (London, in the 60s) crack ones head open was a common expression, which I found disturbing and I imagined horrible wounds. When I cut my head on the corner of a desk at school, and needed stitches, I was distressed to hear the teacher tell my mother on the phone hes cracked his head open, because I was concerned that she would think it was much worse than it was. A: Youve answered your own question: The loser of the game is when any amount"}, {"title": "Document 695", "text": "Q: Does break your head really mean literally breaking ones head? I was reading Tom Browns School Days, and I came across the part where they were describing a sport called backswording, in which the competitors will have their left hand tied to their leg/back, and they will be armed with a stick with their right arm. The aim of the game, is to break the head of your opponent, who is also tied up and armed in like manner. I am not sure how much damage is being done, when someone breaks his opponents head. Does he really crack his skull and break his head? or does he just break the skin of his head? In both cases, blood must flow, that I know, and the loser of the game is when any amount of blood, no matter how little, flows down his forehead, or anywhere above his eyebrows, and is seen. So, going back to my question, what exactly does break ones head mean? A: When I was young (London, in the 60s) crack ones head open was a common expression, which I found disturbing and I imagined horrible wounds. When I cut my head on the corner of a desk at school, and needed stitches, I was distressed to hear the teacher tell my mother on the phone hes cracked his head open, because I was concerned that she would think it was much worse than it was. A: Youve answered your own question: The loser of the game is when any amount"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [0.01596926338970661, 0.0152110131457448], "y": [0.06559665501117706, 0.03619852289557457], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 2", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(190,186,218)"}, "text": ["Document 712", "Document 752"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 712", "text": "Translation:None of them know how to use chopsticks. Nope, this is not what the exercise asked for. or: They both dont know how to use chopsticks YOUR OWN CORRECT SENTENCE on the exercise page says: They all dont know how to use chopsticks. Thats an awkward translation if Ive ever seen one. I used to make a living being a translator, and this here aint it. . . You can report it. That way the course will improve. Noone said it was perfect. None of them can use chopsticks. is accepted.. Why is They all will not use chopsticks wrong? Still rejected. Both seem right, though I guess they want one to assume the cannot meaning since being able to use chopsticks is a learned skill as described at https://resources.allsetlearning.com/chinese/grammar/Expressing a learned skill with %22hui%22. They all cant use chopsticks. The term \u4f1a in itself has 14 different meanings being two of them capability and likeness of something happening (will) so in this case context is really the only way of knowing what the meaning is. Probably because in DuoLingo most phrases are thrown at you without context interpretation maybe a bit difficult, but dont be intimidated by it! Mandarin is a beautiful language and in casual settings comunication is actually pretty easy so keep on practicing and you will get good at it! Why is both not accepted? Yes, there could potentially be two of them. Generally, this sentence means None of them know how to use chopsticks. I suppose this must be a sticky point between Chinese and English"}, {"title": "Document 752", "text": "grammar. They cant use chopsticks sounds more natural than They all..., but seeing that \u90fd character made me think some sort of quantity needed to be added to the translation. They both cant use chopsticks should also be accepted. How would we say They cant both use chopsticks as opposed to they both cant.. ? I think the best translation is, Neither (one) of them knows how to use chopsticks It can also mean they are not allowed to use chopsticks Nope... the embedded answers and hovers are disconnected, and wrong . . . As in missing fingers or something? They cant all use chopsticks is the grammatically correct version unless it meant that none of them can use chopsticks. But anyway, Duolingo rejected it for unknown reasons."}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [0.0889529138803482, 0.0889529138803482], "y": [-0.12424386292695999, -0.12424386292695999], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 4", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(128,177,211)"}, "text": ["Document 790", "Document 791"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 790", "text": "a totally unrelated post at Fields in a week. Youre not worried about it. Im the one worried about it. Youre just off to bed, nonchalantly unimpressed. Yet youll be the one who brings it up again at random fucking intervals, bitching that its my fault your hand was caught in the cookie jar. In the mean, anyone who wants to read the context is welcome to do so. Not that it matters one iota. But it all exists there in and black and white. Kid said... Hey Field, Rev. Sharpton and the founder of Emerge just gave you a shout out on the radio show. Mr. Curry evens have the original painting of Clarence Thomas on the wall of his office. Were it me holding your stance, Id not only have the trolls busting my balls but also Field, PX, Yisheng, Lilac, and Pete knows who else. But when its you, the pretension held in reality version B is that no one sees it. And thats fair. As youve told me multiple times, this is a black blog. cmon Josh, when youre wrong youre wrong. You are occasionally correct and I for one wont bust your balls when you are correct so please dont say I attack you just for being you. Doesnt work like that and Im sure the same is true for Yeshing, Field, Lilac and Pete (whomever Pete is). Thanks for playing. Im sure youll have some wise ass retort but Im too tired and busy to respond so dont waste too"}, {"title": "Document 791", "text": "a totally unrelated post at Fields in a week. Youre not worried about it. Im the one worried about it. Youre just off to bed, nonchalantly unimpressed. Yet youll be the one who brings it up again at random fucking intervals, bitching that its my fault your hand was caught in the cookie jar. In the mean, anyone who wants to read the context is welcome to do so. Not that it matters one iota. But it all exists there in and black and white. Kid said... Hey Field, Rev. Sharpton and the founder of Emerge just gave you a shout out on the radio show. Mr. Curry evens have the original painting of Clarence Thomas on the wall of his office. Were it me holding your stance, Id not only have the trolls busting my balls but also Field, PX, Yisheng, Lilac, and Pete knows who else. But when its you, the pretension held in reality version B is that no one sees it. And thats fair. As youve told me multiple times, this is a black blog. cmon Josh, when youre wrong youre wrong. You are occasionally correct and I for one wont bust your balls when you are correct so please dont say I attack you just for being you. Doesnt work like that and Im sure the same is true for Yeshing, Field, Lilac and Pete (whomever Pete is). Thanks for playing. Im sure youll have some wise ass retort but Im too tired and busy to respond so dont waste too"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [-0.006856474559754133], "y": [-0.025064455345273018], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 5", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(253,180,98)"}, "text": ["Document 795"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 795", "text": "when it\u2019s just about to kick off over someone being rude and one guy thinking he\u2019s the man, but in reality they\u2019re just killing the vibe. I thought I was buzzy and spacy from two Americanos.. This name is also quite ancient. She\u2019s determined to master the art of roasting, so her guest in the kitchen is the master of meat, Neil Perry."}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [0.15397827327251434], "y": [0.10842597484588623], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 10", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(204,235,197)"}, "text": ["Document 1082"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 1082", "text": "for a little less than a week now, but one thing I can say for certain is that version control and GitHub will be an important part of my life as I progress as a programmer. A version control system (VCS) is a way to track changes to software and a means for developers to work on the same project simultaneously, while avoiding conflicts or overwriting each others code.

The key benefits to using a VCS are:

Orginization. Every time a set of changes is commited, it is logged and a version of the repository is saved. Team members can see the entire history of changes to the project and view messages regarding what changes were made and when. It also eliminates the need to manage, save, and name mutiple versions of your files on your own.
Teamwork. With a VCS, every member of the team working on a project can work without restrictions or fear of overwriting a file someone else is working on because every memeber has a full version or the repository on their computer. Adding messages to each commit helps your teammates know what work has been done.
Security. Because a version of the repository is saved after each commit, the project can be rolled back to an earlier version if something goes wrong. Theres no need to worry about hardware failure, accidental damage, or inadvertant overwriting of data when you use a VCS. All you need to do to recover what you lost is pull the"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [-0.1338960975408554, -0.065534308552742, 0.01596924662590027, 0.01832948625087738, 0.08895277231931686, -0.0068565309047698975, -0.007741615176200867, -0.09553268551826477, 0.2080356925725937, 0.10459032654762268, 0.09798184782266617, 0.08650942146778107, 0.11247521638870239, 0.048017315566539764, 0.08827657997608185, 0.16166183352470398, 0.11151501536369324, 0.16128894686698914, 0.19426113367080688, 0.23303258419036865, 0.1316431313753128, 0.10684745758771896, 0.15430060029029846, 0.09729883074760437, 0.09143751859664917, 0.09053804725408554], "y": [0.06771914660930634, -0.015760574489831924, 0.06559664756059647, -0.10314711928367615, -0.1242438405752182, -0.025064487010240555, -0.04220890998840332, 0.022394707426428795, 0.09304488450288773, 0.047943536192178726, 0.11306119710206985, 0.07190270721912384, 0.01758519932627678, -0.09627692401409149, 0.060683708637952805, 0.11514560878276825, -0.014263504184782505, 0.06556209176778793, 0.10964453965425491, 0.09743331372737885, 0.073394775390625, 0.050352200865745544, 0.01008468959480524, 0.11308315396308899, 0.03868309408426285, -0.11873631179332733], "mode": "markers", "name": "Centroids", "marker": {"size": 12, "symbol": "star", "color": "black"}, "text": ["Centroid 0", "Centroid 1", "Centroid 2", "Centroid 3", "Centroid 4", "Centroid 5", "Centroid 6", "Centroid 7", "Centroid 8", "Centroid 9", "Centroid 10", "Centroid 11", "Centroid 12", "Centroid 13", "Centroid 14", "Centroid 15", "Centroid 16", "Centroid 17", "Centroid 18", "Centroid 19", "Centroid 20", "Centroid 21", "Centroid 22", "Centroid 23", "Centroid 24", "Centroid 25"], "hoverinfo": "text"}], [{"x": [-0.10000099986791611, -0.020080946385860443, 0.06651077419519424, -0.021388797089457512, -0.0707525685429573, -0.08307789266109467], "y": [0.04059186577796936, 0.12749899923801422, 0.04986627399921417, 0.0792294293642044, 0.0017112833447754383, 0.11884580552577972], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster -1", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(255,237,111)"}, "text": ["Document 1308", "Document 1355", "Document 1384", "Document 1388", "Document 1461", "Document 1464"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 1308", "text": "modified rounded-edge, splash-plate injector yielded better results. This configuration was tested to the 570-second mission duty cycle using a mixture ratio of 0.7:1; at the end of the test, uncharred material was left. Earlier TCAs using the same mixture ratio had failed after a maximum of 380 seconds. GPO now expected both 25- and 100-pound TCAs to be ready for installation in spacecraft 5 and up. Gemini Project Office reported that Ames Research Center had conducted a visual reentry control simulator program to evaluate the feasibility of controlling the spacecraft attitude during reentry by using the horizon as the only visual reference. Simulation confirmed previous analytical studies and showed that the reentry attitude control, using the horizon view alone, was well within astronaut capabilities. Blue Ribbon Sports was incorporated by Phil Knight, a former track and field athlete at the University of Oregon, and his coach, Bill Bowerman, to market its special brand, Tiger Shoes for runners. In 1971, the company would change its name to Nike, Inc., now the worlds largest manufacturer of sports apparel. Died: Ross Milne, 19, Australian Olympic Alpine skier, in a training crash during preparations for Winter Olympics January 26, 1964 (Sunday) Indonesian Air Force airplanes dropped thousands of leaflets on the island of Borneo along the nations border with Malaysia, each containing an order from President Sukarno directing Indonesian Army troops in the jungle to obey a cease-fire order. The annual telecasts of The Wizard of Oz in the United States resumed. Although the classic film had not been shown"}, {"title": "Document 1355", "text": "on US Navy Polaris submarines. Transit-O 11 (aka OSCAR(NAV) 11 and NNSS 30110) was a 94 kg US Navy navigation satellite launched 27 October 1977 at 9:52PM PDT (0452 UTC 28 October 1977) from Vandenberg AFB, California, on a Scout D rocket. Transit, one of the first operational satellite systems, was also known as the Navy Navigation Satellite (NNS). The Transit spacecraft were originally developed for updating the inertial navigation systems on board US Navy Polaris submarines, and were later made available for civilian use. Transit receivers used the known characteristics of the satellites orbit, measured the Doppler shift of the satellites radio signal, and thereby calculated the receivers position on Earth. As a single spacecraft travelled overhead, the user measured the Doppler shift over a 15 minute period by receiving timing marks and satellite orbital information on two separate frequencies, 149.99 and 399.97 MHz. These signals were corrected for ionospheric refraction and the information was then fed into the users navigation system. Individual Transit satellites operated for over 10 years. Technical breakthroughs during the program included gravity gradient stabilization, use of radio-isotope thermoelectic generators (RTG), and navigation satellite technologies later used in the GPS system. Transit was superseded by the Navstar global positioning system. Use of the satellites for navigation was discontinued at the end of 1996, but the satellites continued transmitting and became the Navy Ionospheric Monitoring System (NIMS). P. Wild discovered asteroid #2970."}, {"title": "Document 1384", "text": "DS-U2-V DS-U2-V (Kosmos 93) [Yuzhnoye] The DS-U2-V satellites were Soviet scientific satellites launched as part of the Dnepropetrovsk Sputnik program. They investigated ionospheric phenomenons. These satellites measured the electron concentration in the vicinity of the spacecraft, as well as properties of the ionosphere in the path of coherent-wave propagation from the spacecraft to an observation point. These satellites were all launched on Kosmos-2 boosters from Kapustin Yar. Kosmos 93 was the first of these satellites to be launched on 19 October 1965. It was launched into an orbit with a perigee of 158 km, an apogee of 208 km, an inclination of 48.3\u00b0. On 3 January 1966 it decayed from orbit and reentered the atmosphere. The second satellit was Kosmos 95, launched on 4 November 1965. It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 147 km, an apogee of 205 km and an inclination of 48.4\u00b0. On 18 January 1966 it decayed from orbit and reentered the atmosphere. A third satellit, Kosmos 197, followed on 26 December 1967. It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 213 km, an apogee of 456 km and an inclination of 48.4\u00b0. On 30 January 1968 it decayed from orbit and reentered the atmosphere. The fourth and last satellite, Kosmos 202, was launched on 20 February 1968 . It was operated in an orbit with a perigee of 211 km, an apogee of 446 km and an inclination of 48.4\u00b0. On 24 March 1968 it decayed from orbit and reentered the atmosphere. Science, ionosphere Yuzhnoye 8"}, {"title": "Document 1388", "text": "and establishing some overseas military bases. The Italian navy was the first to launch an intermediate-range ballistic missile from the sea, an UGM-27 Polaris launched from the cruiser Giuseppe Garibaldi. The country is home to two nuclear bases and, as part of the NATO nuclear sharing program, therefore has a retaliatory nuclear capacity despite nominally being a non-nuclear state. According to the former Italian President Francesco Cossiga, Italys plans of nuclear retaliation during the Cold War consisted of targeting nuclear weapons in Czechoslovakia and Hungary in case the Soviet Union waged nuclear war against NATO. He acknowledged the presence of U.S. nuclear weapons in Italy, and speculated about the possible presence of British and French nuclear weapons. Italy secretly developed its own nuclear weapons program, and one in collaboration with France and Germany, but abandoned such projects when it joined the nuclear sharing program. The country has developed the ABM PAAMS system. It has developed several space-launch vehicles such as Alfa and more recently Vega. In more recent years, under the auspices of European space agency, it has demonstrated the reentry and landing of a spacecraft, the Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle. Italy is home of one of two ground operations centres of the Galileo global satellite navigation system. Italy contributes greatly to scientific research and operates some permanent research stations in Antarctica. In terms of spaceflight capability, the country owns the Broglio Space Centre. The country is a major contributor to the European Space Agency and the International Space Station. Italys weakness and structural problems include: internal"}, {"title": "Document 1461", "text": "Team member\u2019s perceptions on a sex offender reentry court\u2019s failure to launch: a pilot study ABSTRACT Convicted sex offenders released from prison compared to non-sex offenders face a unique reentry environment that is a challenging undertaking for the criminal justice and community agencies that manage them. In order to coordinate multi-agency sex offender management, some states have turned to the courts to bring together these agencies with disparate missions and responsibilities. But, not all efforts at coordination are successful. This pilot study, using qualitative retrospective interviews with stakeholders, examined a cancelled sex offender reentry court, Title 33, to uncover why this innovation failed. The thematic analysis results showed that Title 33 was unable to successfully implement many best practices, which ultimately contributed to its failure."}, {"title": "Document 1464", "text": "launch, orbit and during reentry. Once completed it will be the largest and most powerful vibration test facility every built. \u2014 The design of a high-speed data acquisition system that will be used to collect and analyze data from the two testing facilities. \u2014 The design and delivery of all control systems for both testing facilities. These two new testing facilities and the other facilities being readied under separate efforts will allow the Orion spacecraft, consisting of the launch abort system and the crew and service modules, to undergo thermal- vacuum, acoustic, mechanical vibration and electromagnetic compatibility evaluations within the confines of the SPF during development and qualification. These new testing facilities also will support NASA\u2019s Constellation Program\u2019s future spacecraft and other systems required for exploration missions to the moon, Mars and other destinations in the solar system. \u201cWe look forward to leading the design-build effort to deliver one of the world\u2019s largest high-intensity acoustic test chamber and the world\u2019s largest and most powerful spacecraft vibration test system for NASA and the Orion Program,\u201d said Bill Steen, Benham project director for the NASA contract. Benham, a wholly owned subsidiary of SAIC, provides integrated architectural design, engineering, procurement and construction services for a broad spectrum of industries and facilities, delivering end-to-end solutions for government and private customers. SAIC is a leading provider of scientific, engineering, systems integration and technical services and solutions to all branches of the U.S. military, agencies of the Department of Defense, the intelligence community, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and other U.S."}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [0.009959235787391663, 0.18273675441741943, 0.07218487560749054, 0.06817983835935593, 0.04409615322947502, 0.13656698167324066, 0.08000452816486359, 0.11856581270694733, 0.056300219148397446, 0.056300438940525055, 0.09590757638216019, 0.17430207133293152, 0.2121688425540924, -0.02409958466887474, 0.1567540466785431, -0.02555783838033676, 0.1708112508058548, 0.20851559937000275, 0.21657823026180267, 0.027071774005889893], "y": [-0.07579232007265091, -0.11541523784399033, 0.05806639790534973, 0.037419505417346954, -0.1508219987154007, 0.0018009697087109089, 0.07907938212156296, 0.06176799163222313, 0.17257125675678253, 0.17257122695446014, 0.1176348552107811, -0.12466253340244293, -0.06345514953136444, -0.04324039816856384, -0.0234809760004282, -0.15110185742378235, -0.01480746828019619, -0.06980512291193008, -0.04456423968076706, -0.1151270866394043], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 0", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(141,211,199)"}, "text": ["Document 7", "Document 8", "Document 17", "Document 19", "Document 20", "Document 21", "Document 28", "Document 33", "Document 36", "Document 40", "Document 43", "Document 45", "Document 49", "Document 52", "Document 55", "Document 60", "Document 63", "Document 65", "Document 71", "Document 75"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 7", "text": "slow, and can be blocked by the Earth\u2019s atmosphere during re-entry, X-Ray communications have\u2026"}, {"title": "Document 8", "text": "Lower in the atmosphere, where the density of molecules is greater, this recombination happens much faster. What does this have to do with radio waves? Without interference, radio waves travel in a straight line from the broadcast source, ultimately hitting the ionosphere. What happens after is dependent on a variety of factors, notable among them being the frequency of the waves and the density of the free electrons. For AM waves, given the right conditions, they will essentially bounce back and forth between the ground and the ionosphere, propagating the signal farther and farther. So clearly the ionosphere can potentially play an important part in the terrestrial radio process. But it is the constantly shifting nature of the ionosphere that makes things really interesting. And for that, we\u2019ll have to get a little more technical, though we\u2019ll at the least spare you the math, and we\u2019ll leave out a little of the complexity in an effort to not go full textbook on you. In any event, the ionosphere\u2019s composition changes most drastically at night, primarily because, of course, the Sun goes missing for a bit. Without as abundant a source of ionizing rays, the D and E levels (pictured right) of the ionosphere cease to be very ionized, but the F region (particularly F2) still remains quite ionized. Further, because the atmosphere is significantly less dense here then the E and D regions, it results in more free electrons (the density of which is key here). When these electrons encounter a strong AM radio wave, they"}, {"title": "Document 17", "text": "ionosphere and created the hole about 13 minutes after launch, it likely caused about a one-meter error in GPS programs, according to a paper in Space Weather. The lead author of the study, Charles C. H. Lin from the National Cheng Kung University in Taiwan, describes a rocket launch like a small volcano erupting, unloading energy into the middle and upper atmosphere in a way that\u2019s comparable to what we see from a magnetic storm. Currently, the impact from a single launch remains relatively insignificant. \u201cWithout considering the rocket launch effects, there are errors from the ionosphere, troposphere, and other factors that will produce up to 20-meter errors or more,\u201d he told Ars Technica. But the impact will grow as space technology continues to develop."}, {"title": "Document 19", "text": "Satellites Last Days Improve Orbital Decay Predictions Posted December 15, 2015 6:21 PM Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System Scientists are learning more about how the upper atmosphere and ionosphere affect space satellites as well as communications and navigation here on Earth, thanks to new data from a U.S. Air Force satellite that recently completed a more than seven-year mission. The Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite burned up in Earths atmosphere during a planned reentry on Nov. 28, leaving behind a treasure trove of data about a part of the space environment thats difficult to study. The unique set of sustained observations from C/NOFS will greatly improve models currently used to predict satellite trajectories, orbital drag and uncontrolled re-entry. Scientists from the U.S. Air Force, NASA, and the University of Texas (UT) at Dallas are presenting the results at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting in San Francisco. Launched on April 16, 2008, C/NOFS studied a region high above in our atmosphere called the ionosphere, a layer of electrically charged particles created by ultra-violet radiation from the sun. This layer lies some 40 to 600 miles above the Earths surface, where it interacts and co-mingles with the neutral particles of the tenuous upper atmosphere. The upper atmosphere and ionosphere change constantly in response to forces from above and below, including explosions on the sun, intense upper atmosphere winds, and dynamic electric field changes. In addition to interfering with satellite orbits, such changes can produce turbulence in the ionosphere that cause whats known as scintillations, which interfere with"}, {"title": "Document 20", "text": "heat [1]. With enough heat, the gases in the air within the shock wave will ionize and, thus, an electron plasma is created. The presence of a plasma layer causes attenuation of the electromagnetic signals propagating through it. These signals are associated with a variety of radio frequency (RF) systems such as voice communications, telemetry, and global positioning system (GPS) data. The attenuation increases as the thickness and density of the plasma surrounding the reentry vehicle increases. An illustration of the plasma sheath surrounding a reentry vehicle is given in Figure 1. Regions of lower and higher plasma density near the vehicle are indicated. The associated effects can become so severe that complete loss of voice communications and even GPS acquisition can occur. This RF blackout can last anywhere from 90 s to 10 min depending on the trajectory and velocity of the reentry vehicle [3]. It has had severe consequences, for example, in the unmanned Genesis mission to collect samples of solar winds. During reentry of the capsule, a sensor failure caused a parachute to not deploy. If mission control had been in contact with it, a backup parachute could have been deployed to avoid the capsule from crashing into the Utah desert [4]. Similarly, hypersonic flight has been pursued with both manned and un-manned vehicles since 1961, e.g., with the X-15 hypersonic airplane which flew at Mach 6.7 using only rockets [5]. As with the space vehicle reentry scenario, sustained hypersonic flight also faces the potential loss of communications, telemetry and GPS signals. Renewed"}, {"title": "Document 21", "text": "post the schematics for their proprietary radio system on the FCC database? This seems similar. Also I\u2019ll bet InQTel has something to do with the R&D of this and that\u2019s an automatic black-drape over everything if you know who they really are funded by. Who knows this may be some sort of comm-link for their new Google Car or something. Leon Black says: Ionosphere: The ionosphere overlaps the other atmospheric layers, from above the Earth. The air is ionized by the Sun\u2019s ultraviolet light. These ionized layers affect the transmittance and reflectance of radio waves. Different ioniosphere layers are the D, E (Heaviside-Kennelly), and F (Appleton) regions. They won\u2019t reach the earth. Leon Black \u2013 He was talking about the path the radio wave would take up through the Earth\u2019s ionosphere (I), then to the moon, then back through it back to the Google antenna. He was right that phase distortions would happen from the moon bounce and through the \u201cI\u201d twice! EME means Earth-Moon-Earth. There are HAM radio enthusiasts who actually do it. However, I think lower frequencies can\u2019t be used due to being reflected off of the I. The E-Band probably would have no problem getting through. This phenomena (the I) is the main reason why it is highly unlikely any advanced ET civilization could ever see or hear our early radio and TV from another planet or star system. Mainly because most of the legacy signal (in HF and lower freqs) where just reflected back at Earth by the I. Not much Amos"}, {"title": "Document 28", "text": "has weather. Rick Doe, a Senior Research Physicist at SRI International, explained that you can corrupt radio signals when you cross the ionosphere, and \u201cradio waves are particularly susceptible to distortions\u201d when they encounter disruptions to ions. We depend on these distorted radio signals for navigation on Earth, including commercial aircraft, so this distortion can be a key determinate when doing things like autonomously navigating aircraft. Being able to determine when signals are particularly distorted by concentrated distorting activity in the ionosphere can help make sure that autonomous navigation takes into account and forecasts for these things in order to help mitigate their impact. It\u2019s not about countering the effect of this activity \u2014 Doe notes that it\u2019s like a tornado in terms of terrestrial weather: You don\u2019t try to counter the tornado, you plan around it and its impact when you\u2019re able to predict its occurrence. The program will provide similar prediction and mitigation abilities for solar weather. SpaceX\u2019s mission is currently set for launch on June 24 at 11:30 PM ET, and it\u2019ll carry all of the above on behalf of client NASA. We\u2019ll have coverage of the launch, so check back later this month for more."}, {"title": "Document 33", "text": "positioning and navigation systems, Lin said. He found in the new study that the FORMOSAT-5 launch disturbed Earth\u2019s ionosphere in a way that threw off GPS locations by up to one meter (three feet) for up to two hours after the launch, potentially affecting aviation and military navigation systems. An unusual rocket launch The ionosphere is a region of the upper atmosphere extending from about 60 to 1,000 kilometers (37 to 620 miles) above Earth\u2019s surface. It is essentially a shell of electrons and charged particles called plasma created by ultraviolet radiation from the Sun. Most rockets follow a curved trajectory after launch and deliver satellites to an altitude of about 200 kilometers (125 miles), creating a V-shaped shock wave in the ionosphere. After that, operators on the ground remotely maneuver the satellite to get it to the correct altitude and angle. But the FORMOSAT-5 launch, Taiwan\u2019s first self-made satellite, was unique. The satellite was originally scheduled to launch with several others but was delayed because of a Falcon 9 launchpad explosion in September 2016. By the time the launch was rescheduled, FORMOSAT-5 was the rocket\u2019s only cargo. With such a light payload, Falcon 9 traveled nearly vertically after its launch from California\u2019s Vandenberg Air Force Base August 24, 2017. The rocket delivered the satellite to its intended altitude of 720 kilometers (450 miles) shortly after. Detecting changes in the ionosphere In the new study, Lin and his colleagues used GPS signals to determine how the FORMOSAT-5 launch affected the upper atmosphere. They found Falcon 9\u2019s"}, {"title": "Document 36", "text": "California on Sept. 10, 2019. Photo credit: NASA/Randy Beaudoin \u201cWhen your launch pad is moving at 500/600 miles per hour, things happen,\u201d said Baez. \u201cThe first attempt got us because we lost positive communication with the aircraft and the ground, and our rule is to abort the flight and go back around and try it again. And we were able to execute it flawlessly.\u201d The region of space where ICON will conduct its study \u2013 the ionosphere \u2013 comprises of winds that are influenced by many different factors: Earth\u2019s seasons, the heating and cooling that takes place throughout the day, and bursts of radiation from the Sun. This region also is where radio communications and GPS signals travel, and fluctuations within the ionosphere can cause significant disruptions to these critical technologies. As a response to the recent scientific discovery that the ionosphere is significantly impacted by storms in Earth\u2019s lower atmosphere, Northrop Grumman designed, integrated and tested the ICON satellite under a contract from the University of California Berkeley\u2019s Space Sciences Laboratory. NASA\u2019s Launch Services Program at Kennedy is responsible for launch service acquisition, integration, analysis and launch management. The ICON mission is part of NASA\u2019s Explorer Program managed by the agency\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland for the Science Mission Directorate in Washington, which aims to provide frequent flight opportunities for small- to medium-sized spacecraft that are capable of being built, tested and launched in a shorter period of time. ICON is expected to improve the forecasts of extreme space weather by utilizing in-situ"}, {"title": "Document 40", "text": "California on Sept. 10, 2019. Photo credit: NASA/Randy Beaudoin \u201cWhen your launch pad is moving at 500/600 miles per hour, things happen,\u201d said Baez. \u201cThe first attempt got us because we lost positive communication with the aircraft and the ground, and our rule is to abort the flight and go back around and try it again. And we were able to execute it flawlessly.\u201d The region of space where ICON will conduct its study \u2013 the ionosphere \u2013 comprises of winds that are influenced by many different factors: Earth\u2019s seasons, the heating and cooling that takes place throughout the day, and bursts of radiation from the Sun. This region also is where radio communications and GPS signals travel, and fluctuations within the ionosphere can cause significant disruptions to these critical technologies. As a response to the recent scientific discovery that the ionosphere is significantly impacted by storms in Earth\u2019s lower atmosphere, Northrop Grumman designed, integrated and tested the ICON satellite under a contract from the University of California Berkeley\u2019s Space Sciences Laboratory. NASA\u2019s Launch Services Program at Kennedy is responsible for launch service acquisition, integration, analysis and launch management. The ICON mission is part of NASA\u2019s Explorer Program managed by the agency\u2019s Goddard Space Flight Center in Maryland for the Science Mission Directorate in Washington, which aims to provide frequent flight opportunities for small- to medium-sized spacecraft that are capable of being built, tested and launched in a shorter period of time. ICON is expected to improve the forecasts of extreme space weather by utilizing in-situ"}, {"title": "Document 43", "text": "Researching the Boundary of Space It\u2019s not exactly where the rubber meets the road, but where space meets the earth\u2019s atmosphere, is becoming ever more critical to the growing deployment of low and mid-earth orbit satellites. This region, where the earth\u2019s atmosphere bumps into space, has more going on in it than first meets the eye. As more and more miniature CubeSats are launched, along with fleet and asset tracking satellites in low earth orbit, new challenges are being encountered that require a better understanding of this boundary region. NASA wants to understand this region to a much greater extent, and on Dec 8, 2017, they plan to launch the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON), to learn more about this critical region of growing importance. Launched on a Pegasus rocket from Kwajalein Atoll in the Marshall Islands, the satellite will investigate how things like weather patterns on the earth, from hurricanes, to stiff winds blowing over the top of a mountain, interact and affect the electrically charged part of the atmosphere, known as the ionosphere. Researchers are interested, because the charged particles of the ionosphere can disrupt communications signals as well as cause low-Earth orbit satellites to become electrically charged, which can damage them. In severe cases, these particles can cause power outages on the ground. It was formerly thought that all such effects were due to the sun, however it seems that since these particles are right at the edge of space, they may also be affected by conditions on Earth. Currently there is little data"}, {"title": "Document 45", "text": "an ion can have only a very short life - estimated to be only a few millionths of a second. Such a dense atmosphere tends to absorb rather than reflect radio waves, especially at lower frequencies. Table 1 - Relative conductivity of various types of terrain. But in the sparse regions of the ionosphere where there are relatively few gas molecules, the ions reattach themselves at fairly slow rates. In the upper regions of the ionosphere, called the F2 layer, recombination is so slow as to be relatively unimportant. The important thing about these ions is that they make the atmosphere electrically conductive. Thus the electromagnetic energy of a radio wave is partially transformed into kinetic energy represented by the motions of the ions. If these ions do not recombine, this energy is converted back to electromagnetic energy and the radio wave continues to be propagated. If, on the other hand, the ions recombine, absorption of the radio wave occurs and the wave is sharply attenuated. Now, one of the most important factors about this ionization is the fact that the greater the degree of ionization, the higher the frequency that will be refracted and returned to the surface of the earth. For any one frequency, there is a degree of ionization that is required to refract the wave sufficiently to return it to earth depending upon the angle of radiation. Frequencies higher than this, for the same angle, will not be sufficiently refracted and will not return to the earth. As far as the 27-mc."}, {"title": "Document 49", "text": "ionosphere are produced by ion convergence due to vertical..."}, {"title": "Document 52", "text": "Why Doesnt The Signal From Spacecraft Get Lost? Radio signals can and do collide with other objects in space, and definitely do disperse between the spacecraft and the Earth, but they will reach the Earth for two reasons. The first; even though our solar system has a lot of stuff in it, the vast majority of it is still empty space. The second is that all spacecraft are equipped with finely tuned and precisely calibrated antennas, which allow them to aim their signal directly at the earth, rather than beaming its signal in every direction. Beaming signal in every direction would require a lot of power to produce, so it\u2019s much more efficient to use a smaller amount of power to limit the signal to only direction you care about, i.e., in the direction of Earth. Now, if you\u2019re a spacecraft orbiting another planet, you can easily imagine that the planet will occasionally get in the way of you beaming information back to the Earth. Radio signals do not go through planets, and nor do they go on curved paths. So the spacecraft, in these times, must be capable of running itself for a while, before it comes back around from the far side of the planet (from an Earthly perspective). During these times the spacecraft are always in a communications blackout, and totally unable to communicate with us on Earth. All spacecraft are designed to operate this way \u2013 they have to be able to run a series of tasks without continual monitoring by someone"}, {"title": "Document 55", "text": "ionosphere."}, {"title": "Document 60", "text": "and ready to land. It is far from reaching the sound barrier! Photo credits unfortunately unknown Let\u2019s (finally?) get back to our subject of atmospheric entry! When an object penetrates the atmosphere at the crazy speeds of orbital mechanics, the air is compressed into a shockwave in front of the object and heats up to very high temperature. After colliding with our object, the air in the zone of the shockwave can achieve local temperature of several thousand to several tens of thousands of degrees. This has the effect of ripping electrons from atoms, ionizing the matter, and causing it to enter into a plasma phase: the fourth, and little known state of matter (gas, liquid, solid, and plasma). The plasma is then a \u201csoup of electrons and ions\u201d that glows red/orange. This is what creates the beautiful light trail in the sky! Photo taken during the atmospheric entry of STS-42 In addition, the plasma interferes with the radio signals the vehicle might send or receive. It blocks all communication with the crew during their atmospheric entry! The phenomenon known as \u201cradio blackout\u201d can last approximately 3 to 5 minutes for a capsule returning to Earth (using the figures from the Apollo missions). In the same way, the Martian probes or the Huygens probe that landed on Titan, endured the same phenomenon. The space shuttles endured a radio blackout for as much as 30 minutes ( ! ) during their returns, up until the deployment of the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System that takes advantage"}, {"title": "Document 63", "text": "of the electromagnetic spectrum also invisibly dominate the sky and are stronger than the emissions in the visible spectrum. Many of the spacecraft sent to space are not for exploring the universe, but rather for the practical purpose of GPS, TV, weather predictions, etc. These near-Earth satellites orbit relatively close to Earth and communicate with each other and stations on Earth through the use of lasers. The ionosphere and the ions present there tend to interfere with these signals. Changes in the ions, their density, and localization in the ionosphere will affect how satellites record data and communicate it. But the ionosphere is just invisible air, after all, right? Correct, but airglow is like an indicator to see and observe changes in the ionosphere. Changes in the characteristic photometric spectrum emitted by the ionosphere is how changes in the ionosphere are detected. The composition of the ionosphere is affected by the weather in space, as well as the weather conditions on Earth. The weather on Earth, the intensity of solar radiation, and gravity waves are some of the causes of changes in the ionosphere. Gravity waves are created when there is a disturbance between a fluid medium and gravity or buoyancy tries to restore the fluid to how it originally was or attain equilibrium. The ripples seen in a pond when a stone is dropped in is due to gravity waves. They are different from gravitational waves. The different altitudes of various near-Earth orbiting satellites (Photo Credit : Rrakanishu/Wikimedia Commons) Since the time it was first"}, {"title": "Document 65", "text": "for a larger image \u2022 The ionosphere is a region of electrically charged particles or gases in the earth\u2019s atmosphere, extending from approximately 50 to 600 km above the earth\u2019s surface. Ionization, the process in which electrons are stripped from atoms and produces electrically charged particles, results from solar radiation. When the ionosphere becomes heavily ionized, the gases may even glow and be visible. This phenomenon is known as Northern and Southern Lights. \u2022 Why is the ionosphere important in HF radio? Well, this blanket of gases is like nature\u2019s satellite, making HF BLOS radio communications possible. When radio waves strike these ionized layers, depending on frequency, some are completely absorbed, others are refracted so that they return to the earth, and still others pass through the ionosphere into outer space. Absorption tends to be greater at lower frequencies, and increases as the degree of ionization increases. \u2022 The angle at which sky waves enter the ionosphere is known as the incident angle. This is determined by wavelength and the type of transmitting antenna. Like a billiard ball bouncing off a rail, a radio wave reflects from the ionosphere at the same angle it hits it. Thus, the incident angle is an important factor in determining communications range. If you need to reach a station that is relatively far from you, you would want the incident angle to be relatively large. To communicate with a nearby station, the incident angle should be relatively small. Ground station HF radio operators worry about the angle of incidence as"}, {"title": "Document 71", "text": "the earth\u2019s atmosphere in which the number of electrically charged particles\u2014ions and electrons\u2014are large enough to affect the propagation of radio waves. The charged particles are created by the action of extraterrestrial radiation (mainly from the sun) on neutral atoms and molecules of air. The ionosphere begins at a height of about 50 kilometers (30 miles) above the surface, but it is most distinct and important above 80 kilometers (50 miles). In the upper regions of the ionosphere, beginning several hundred kilometers above earth\u2019s surface and extending tens of thousands of kilometers into space, is the magnetosphere, a region where the behavior of charged particles is strongly affected by the magnetic fields of the earth and the sun. Much of the early research on the ionosphere was carried out by radio engineers and was stimulated by the need to define the factors influencing long-range radio communication. It is in the magnetosphere that the spectacular displays of the aurora borealis and aurora australis take place. The magnetosphere also contains the Van Allen radiation belts, where highly energized protons and electrons travel back and forth between the poles of earth\u2019s magnetic field. The name ionosphere was introduced first in the 1920s and was formally defined in 1950 by a committee of the Institute of Radio Engineers as the part of the earths upper atmosphere where ions and electrons are present in quantities sufficient to affect the propagation of radio waves. Subsequent research has focused on understanding the ionosphere as the environment for earth-orbiting satellites and, in the military"}, {"title": "Document 75", "text": "communication blackout typically encountered during (re-)entry into planetary atmospheres. An international consortium comprising universities, SMEs, research institutions, and industry has been formed in order to develop this technology within the MEESST project. The latter is funded by the Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) program of the European Commission\u2019s Horizon 2020 scheme (grant no. 899298). Atmospheric entry imposes one of the harshest environments which a spacecraft can experience. The combination of hypersonic velocities and the rapid compression of atmospheric particles by the spacecraft leads to high-enthalpy, partially ionised gases forming around the vehicle. This inhibits radio communications and induces high thermal loads on the spacecraft surface. For the former problem, spacecraft can sometimes rely on satellite constellations for communicating through the plasma wake and therefore preventing the blackout. On the other hand, expensive, heavy, and non-reusable thermal protection systems (TPS) are needed to dissipate the severe thermal loads. Such TPS can represent up to 30% of an entry vehicles weight, and especially for manned missions they can reduce the cost- efficiency by sacrificing payload mass. Such systems are also prone to failure, putting the lives of astronauts at risk. The use of electromagnetic fields to exploit MHD principles has long been considered as an attractive solution for tackling the problems described above. By pushing the boundary layer of the ionized gas layer away from the spacecraft, the thermal loads can be reduced, while also opening a magnetic window for radio communications and mitigating the blackout phenomenon. The application of this MHD-enabled system has previously not been demonstrated"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [-0.08492261171340942], "y": [0.13984714448451996], "mode": "markers", "name": "Cluster 1", "marker": {"size": 8, "color": "rgb(255,255,179)"}, "text": ["Document 1127"], "customdata": [{"title": "Document 1127", "text": "Irish Space Agency\u2019s satellite design has changed to make it more robust The Irish Space agency\u2019s design for its new satellite, launched from Europe in January, has changed dramatically. The \u20ac20 million Irish Space Technology Programme (ISTP) mission is designed to send a communications satellite to a geosynchronous orbit in the Pacific Ocean. A series of computer simulations show the spacecraft will operate in a much more resilient way than it did in the past.ISTP chief executive Patrick O\u2019Sullivan said the team worked on the redesign to improve the spacecraft\u2019s ability to withstand the forces of reentry and to protect itself from debris during reentry. The changes will mean the satellite can be launched in 2018. The first test flight of the satellite is planned for 2021, with the next flight in 2023.ISTC\u2019s next satellites are due to be launched from France in 2020 and the United States in 2021. How to build your own game design network How to design a scalable network architecture and logistics network design guide"}], "hoverinfo": "text"}, {"x": [0.1062411293387413, -0.08492255210876465, -0.06854347139596939], "y": [0.0657484233379364, 0.13984715938568115, -0.0025423578917980194], "mode": "markers", "name": "Centroids", "marker": {"size": 12, "symbol": "star", "color": "black"}, "text": ["Centroid 0", "Centroid 1", "Centroid 2"], "hoverinfo": "text"}]]; const questions = ["What's the difference between a first, second and third degree burn?", "How come glass casts a shadow? 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